بشیر احمد ڈار
پاکستان کے مشہور اہل علم اور صاحب قلم جناب بشیر احمد ڈار کی وفات کی خبر دیر میں ملی اﷲ تبارک و تعالیٰ ان کو غریق رحمت فرمائیں، وہ اقبالیات کے بڑے اداشناس اور ماہر تھے، اپنے علمی کمالات کے ساتھ اپنی شرافتِ اخلاق، انکسار اور وضعداری کی وجہ سے اپنے دوستوں اور ملنے والوں میں بہت مقبول تھے۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، جون ۱۹۷۹ء)
بشیر احمد ڈار
۲۹؍ مارچ ۱۹۷۹ء کو پاکستان کے ممتاز، لایق اور مشہور اہل قلم جناب بشیر احمد ڈار اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، ان کی وفات کی خبر دیر سے ملی، دکھ ہوا، کہ پاکستان ایک بہت اچھے مصنف، بہت اچھے فلسفی اور بہت اچھے انسان سے محروم ہوگیا۔
۱۹۷۵ء سے ۱۹۷۸ء تک پاکستان بار بار جانے کا اتفاق ہوا تو جناب بشیر احمد ڈار سے کر اچی، اسلام آباد اور لاہور میں برابر ملاقاتیں ہوتی رہیں، پہلی بار جناب سید حسام الدین راشدی کے دولت کدہ پر ملا، جو کراچی کے ارباب علم و دانش کا صنم خانہ بنا ہوا ہے، معارف کے صفحات پر جناب سید حسام الدین راشدی کا ذکر خیر اکثر آیا ہے، میری نظر میں وہ پاکستان کے پرنس اسکالر ہیں، ان گنت کتابوں کے مایہ ناز مصنف ہیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ نے دولت بھی دی ہے، اس لیے علم دوست اور علم نواز بن کر اپنی مرصع کوٹھی پر علمی محفلیں بھی سجاتے رہتے ہیں، جن میں شریک ہوکر ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جہانگیر کے دور میں سندھ میں غازی خاں ترخان کے یہاں بھی ایسی ہی پرکیف مجلسیں ہوا کرتی ہوں گی، ان محفلوں میں جناب بشیر احمد ڈار کا ہونا لازمی تھا۔ جو کراچی میں راشدی صاحب کی زندگی کے جزو لاینفک بنے رہے، شاید ہی کوئی دن ایسا ہوتا جب دونوں کی ملاقاتیں نہ ہوتیں، دونوں کی ملاقاتوں...
Quality of life of chronic renal disease patients is affected by several factors, depending on stage of disease, type of treatment and sociodemographic factors Objective: To assess the quality of life undergoing hemodialysis patients Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during February to May-2019. Patients suffering from chronic renal disease were included in the study and uncooperative patients were excluded in the study. Total 100 samples of chronic renal disease patients were selected through non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis Results: According to results 39% patients reported that they were suffering from depression, 47% patients of chronic renal disease were unemployed, 28% patients were malnourished and 98% patients were having 3 or more dialysis sessions per week. Also only 26% patients thought that quality of life of older patients is better while 74% considered it poor. Only 77% patients thought that quality of life of middle aged patients is better while 23% patients considered that quality of life of middle aged patients was poor.42% patients thought that quality of life of young aged patients is better while 58%considered it poor Conclusions: Malnutrition, unemployment and hypertensionare the factors affecting the quality of life in patients undergoinghemodialysis in this study. The quality of life of middle aged patients was comparatively better.
In the last few decades Information Technology (IT) has grown manifolds in Pakistan. The dynamic organizations are continuously replacing their legacy systems with the contemporary information systems (IS). Particularly, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are now becoming an integral part of the organizations to automate business processes. This thesis empirically investigated: (1) the success of ERP system at individual, process and organizational levels and (2) explored different contextual factors relating to organization, technology, individual and environment that affect the level of ERP system success in corporate sector of Pakistan. For examining ERP system success, the study applied DeLone and McLean (1992, 2003) (D&M) ‘Theory of IS Success’. The five dimensions mentioned in the theory and an additional dimension was incorporated in the proposed ERP system success measurement model i.e., ERP system quality, ERP information quality, ERP service quality, individual performance, organizational performance and process performance (added to the model). The present study applied two phased ‘explanatory sequential’ mixed methods research design. In the first phase of research 514 Pakistani organizations were surveyed through structured questionnaires to investigate ERP system success. SmartPLS 3 Software was used and Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was applied for testing the study hypotheses and assessing convergent validity, discriminant validity and internal reliability of the constructs. The results from the first phase indicated that ERP system quality, information quality and service quality positively influence individual performance. Similarly, individual performance has also positive and significant relation with process performance and xix organization performance. The results also revealed that process performance has positive and significant impact on organizational performance in Pakistani organizations. Based on the findings from the first phase, qualitative research strategy was applied in the second phase of research to explore different contextual factors that affect the level of ERP system success in corporate sector of Pakistan. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth video recorded interviews of 48 ERP key users in four different organizations. NVivo 10 software was used for transcribing, coding and identifying different themes of the study. Word Tree, Word Tag Clouds and Tree Maps techniques were applied to identify frequency of data coding, talk pattern and significance of each contextual factor. Finally, the qualitative phase of research explored that rewards and incentives, training, leadership, management control, technological resources, up-gradation of technology, skills, knowledge, provision of electricity and stakeholders’ pressure are more critical factors that influence the level of ERP system success in Pakistani organizations. Thus, these findings suggest that organizations can enhance the level of ERP system success by controlling these contextual factors. Lastly, the both quantitative and qualitative results were discussed and different theoretical and practical implications were provided. The findings of the study will serve as changing driver of attention of the practitioners from the issues of pre-implementation or implementation stages to the issues of post-implementation stage of ERP system. Based on different results and discussions, practitioners will pay more attention to sustain the success of ERP system in their organizations. Keywords: ERP system, ERP success, DeLone and McLean Model, IT performance, Contextual Factors