مولانا عبدالرزاق ملیح آبادی
افسوس ہے۲۴/جون کو صبح کے وقت بمبئی میں مولانا عبدالرزاق ملیح آبادی کا۶۵برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا، نعش بمبئی سے ملیح آباد لائی گئی اور بروز جمعہ ۲۶/جون کوسپرد خاک کردی گئی۔
مرحوم اردو اورعربی دونوں زبانوں کے نامور ادیب، صحافی اورانشاء پرداز تھے۔عربی کی تعلیم مصر میں پائی تھی اورسید رشید رضا مرحوم جواپنے عہد کے اکابر علماء اورمحققین اورمصنفین میں سے تھے ان کے تلمیذ رشید تھے، اس لیے مرحوم عربی زبان بالکل مادری زبان کی طرح بولتے اورلکھتے تھے۔ مصر سے واپس آکر کلکتہ سے عربی کاایک جریدہ’’الجامعہ‘‘کے نام سے نکالا جو عربی کے اساتذہ اورطلباء میں بڑا مقبول ہوالیکن یہاں مولانا ابوالکلام کے دامان دولت سے وابستہ ہونے کے بعد انھوں نے اردواخبار نویسی کواپنا مستقل نصب العین زندگی بنا لیا اور بڑی محنت کاوش اورمشق ومزاولت کے بعد اس میں بھی اپنا خاص ایک ایسا اسلوب پیدا کیا کہ اردو زبان کے بھی صاحب طرزادیب بن گئے۔ اُن کی تحریر صاف سپاٹ،بہت سلیس وعام فہم مگرساتھ ہی ولولہ انگیز اور پُرجوش ہوتی تھی۔اس سلسلہ میں وہ اوّلاً ’الہلال‘ اور’البلاغ‘ کی ادارت میں مولانا ابوالکلام کے رفیق رہے اور پھر کلکتہ سے ہی متعدد اخبار خوداپنے نکالے، تقسیم کے بعدا پنا اخبار روزانہ ’آزاد ہند‘ اپنے لایق فرزند احمد سعید صاحب ملیح آبادی کے حوالہ کرکے دہلی چلے گئے اور انڈین کونسل فارکلچرل ریلیشنزکے سہ ماہی عربی مجلہ ’ثقافۃ الہند‘ کوبڑی قابلیت سے ایڈٹ کرتے رہے۔ اس کے علاوہ آل انڈیا ریڈیو اسٹیشن دہلی کے عربی پروگرام کے بھی ڈائریکٹر رہے۔ اخبارات و رسائل کی اڈیٹری کے باوجودتصنیف وتالیف اورترجمہ کا مشغلہ بھی رکھتے تھے چنانچہ متعدد کتابیں ترجمہ کیں اور کئی کتابیں تالیف کیں جن میں آخری ضخیم کتاب وہ ہے جومولاناابوالکلام آزاد پرہے اورغیر مطبوعہ ہے۔
ذاتی اخلاق واوصاف کے اعتبار سے مرحوم بڑے باوضع، بامروت،...
The Paper attempts to highlight the most significant Muslim personalities of British India who rendered services and sacrifices for the cause of pan-Islamism. They travelled to the neighbouring Muslim states of Afghanistan and Turkey for the larger cause of the Muslim brotherhood, and their freedom from the colonial powers. Their visits were either in official or unofficial capacity. The personalities include; Abdur Rahman Peshawari, Zafar Hasan Aibak, Mualana Ubaidullah Sindhi. The paper argues that these personalities have visited the Muslim countries of Afghanistan and Turkey in order to support the cause of Muslim brotherhood and their peace, development, and freedom. Their way of support was in the form of diplomatic negotiation. Descriptive and analytical methods were followed for analyzation/interpretation of data collected.
This dissertation has addressed a central question of what were the foreign policy doctrines of Bush and Obama and how did they manage to implement their foreign policy objectives in Afghanistan in the post 9/11 era. This all was intended to explore the patterns of continuity or change in the policies of Bush and Obama in Afghanistan. Both the administrations applied their own means and interests to attain its objectives somehow or the other. However, the neglect of Afghanistan and inconsistent and faulty policies had been the basic reasons that the U.S. could not achieve its objectives or to make an outright victory and the war still continued and is not yet completely lost. This dissertation also spelled out the other systemic and domestic factors due to which Afghanistan could not get the concerted attention, resources and unified policy actions. The closer analysis of the U.S. policy and Afghanistan’s situation revealed that despite differences in rhetoric and somewhat in actions the main U.S. approach towards Afghanistan had remained more or less the same and suffered from inconsistency and neglect regardless of the leader. Many observers characterized the U.S. attempts to control terrorism had rather worked to breed more terrorism in Afghanistan. Afghanistan had become the center stage of international politics where indigenous people did not have the power while the outsiders enjoyed the power to play politics over this geo-politically important state. Underlying assumptions of neoclassical realism (NCR), and Foreign Policy Decision-Making (FPDM) formed the basis of this study. Based on the findings of this dissertation and foregoing analysis it has been concluded that despite different rhetoric and talking a lot of change, the Obama administration had continued the Bush approaches at his policy level and his grand strategy had shown a great degree of continuity in case of Afghanistan.A great body of literature had proved this continuity particularly in his counterterrorism and national security policy. Though he introduced significant changes in his overall approach by using different means but those were meant to attain similar ends. Obama wanted to end the war but his generals did not let him do so. So, the continuity has proven to be more striking and rewarding than the changes he had proposed.