IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEMORIZATION OF AL-QURAN THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TAKRIR METHOD IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL MATHOLIB AS-SULUK CIREBON

Many assume that people who have grown up do not have the opportunity to memorize the Qur'an because of the difficulties that will be faced in the process of memorizing it rather than in childhood. This research aims to find out (1) the application of the takrir method in Ponpes Matholib As-Suluk. (2) factors that affect students' ability to memorize by takrir method, (3) the quality of memorization of the holy verse of the Qur'an using the takrir method. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods. Through the technique of interviewing, observation and documentation studies, several findings were obtained: (1) the application of the takrir method in Ponpes Matholib As-Suluk was applied through the repetition of santri memorization in four ways: individual takrir, collective takrir with friends, takrir with teachers, and takrir at prayer time; (2) there are 2 factors that affect the application of takrir methods: internal (santri mood) and external factors (pesantren environmental support); and (3) the application of this method succeeded in improving the quality of santri memorization because the students were able to improve their memorization quite quickly and they were also able to reread verses and surahs that had been memorized quite smoothly.

Production of Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalyst and Super Critical Fluid Extraction

Biodiesel is the only possible reciprocal to petro diesel and a boon to the fast depleting fossil fuel resources. Biofuel is produced from different feedstock including Algae, seeds of some terrestrial plants like Jatropha curcas, pongamia, castor, palm and oily wastes. The thesis addresses the multi-dimensional areas associated with the biodiesel production processes, covering the entire scope from seed based to non-terrestrial microalgae feedstock cultivation, extraction and its efficient conversion into liquid fuels. Design and development of efficient screw press expeller for oil expression from jatropha curcas seeds was the first investigation. This study is aimed to make efficient screw expeller to cater massive Jatropha biomass and its oil extraction. Experimental validation of the simulation is used to improve oil expeller for Jatropha seed by fabricating the expeller following the design and analysis by ANSYS FLUENT codes. An oil yield in excess of 98%, as compared to a maximum 75% for existing screw expellers, was achieved in practical runs which is very promising. An innovative airlift tubular photobioreactor was developed for growing algae in simulated conditions. Algal strain Chlorella sp was inoculated in photobioreactor which was sparged with air and carbon dioxide. The novel photobioreactor recorded a maximum experimental average yield of 0.65 g/L.day (13.3 g/m2.day) as compared to theoretical modeled yield of 0.82 g/L.day (14.26 g/m2.day), suggesting the device can be efficiently and cost-effectively employed in the production of algal biomass for biofuels. Supercritical Carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fluid extraction (SCFE) was carried out to extract oil from Jatropha Curcas L. and microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris) for biofuel production. The extraction was performed at temperature ranges of 40-80 oC and pressure of 4000-9000 psi in-order to investigate the optimum process parameters for Jatropha Curcas and microalgae biomass. The optimum yield for Jatropha was found to be 30.6 wt% and for microalgae it was 17.7 wt% (based on total oil contents present in the biomass) which was in close agreement with the time consuming traditional n-hexane based solvent extraction. The algal oil was then transesterified into biodiesel using nano-photo heterogeneous catalyst. The biodiesel produced using photosensitive catalyst was then characterized by using analytical techniques like GCMS and NMR and results are discussed. The physical properties of biodiesel are also analyzed according to ASTM standards.