مشفق خواجہ
یہ خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ کراچی میں ۲۱، ۲۲؍ فروری کی درمیانی شب میں جناب مشفق خواجہ صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا، وہ اردو کے ممتاز محقق، نقاد، کالم نویس اور مزاح نگار تھے، خواجہ صاحب کو دل کی بیماری تھی، گزشتہ برس اس کا کامیاب آپریشن ہوا تھا، مگر پھر گردے کی تکلیف شروع ہوگئی جو بڑھتی گئی، انتقال سے ۴-۳ روز قبل طبیعت زیادہ خراب ہوگئی تو وہ اسپتال میں داخل کیے گئے جہاں انتقال ہوگیا، خواجہ صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا، انہوں نے اپنی ادبی، تنقیدی اور تحقیقی نگارشات سے اردو ادب میں اہم جگہ بنالی تھی، وہ بہت اچھے مزاح نگار بھی تھے۔ خامہ بگوش کے نام سے اس فن میں اپنا جوہر خوب دکھاتے تھے، مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بڑا لگاؤ تھا، ابھی دو برس پہلے اس کی اکثر کتابیں منگائیں تھیں، معارف بھی برابر ان کے مطالعہ میں رہتا تھا، ہندوپاک میں زرمبادلہ کی دشواری سے اہل علم کو بڑی پریشانی ہوتی ہے، معارف نہ ملنے سے خواجہ صاحب بھی بہت پریشان رہتے، اس کا علم جناب عبدالوہاب خاں سلیم صاحب کو ہوا تو وہ ان کا چندہ بھیجنے لگے اور تاکید کی کہ پیسے کی وجہ سے ان کا معارف نہ بند کیا جائے، اﷲ تعالیٰ خواجہ صاحب کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مارچ ۲۰۰۵ء)
کوئی دوسرا مشفق نہیں ہے
(ڈاکٹر رفیع الدین ہاشمی)
انسان اپنی خلقت اور سرشت میں گوناگوں آرزؤں، خواہشوں اور تمناؤں کا مرقع ہے اور اس کی پوری زندگی ان ہی تمناؤں اور آرزؤں کی تکمیل و تزئین میں گزر جاتی ہے، خاک کا یہ پتلا بالعموم خواہشات نفس کا اسیر رہتا ہے اور حیات مستعار کی پوری نقدی کھیل تماشوں میں صرف کردیتا ہے، زر و مال کی طلب اور...
Due to male dominance in society as well as in households, the rights of females are ignored. Hence, there exists gender discrimination while giving food to family members which in turn results in poor health status for females. Therefore, it is important to explore the causes of this unequal distribution of food among family members Objective: To determine psychosocial factors causing gender discrimination regarding food distribution among families Methods: Data collected from fifty females aged 15-80 years, selected from the urban community using non-probability consecutive sampling, were used for analysis. Females with malnutrition, psychological disorders, with laparotomy and major surgery were excluded. Gender discrimination was assessed as males or male children were preferred for better and more food items like fresh food, meat, fruits, milk, dairy products and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to see the impact selected factors on gender discrimination Results: The large family size (> 6 members) showed significantly higher odds of discrimination (OR=3.89; 95% CI= 1.03-15.26) than smaller families. The odds of food discrimination were 4 times more for the families, with males being earning hand (OR=4.57; 95% CI= 1.19-18.31). Similarly, there exist higher odds of gender discrimination in low-income families (OR=5.10; 95% CI= 1.18-23.87). While maternal education reduces the chances of food discrimination (OR=0.10; 95% CI= 0.02-0.42) Conclusions: Psychosocial factors such as large family size, low monthly income, males being earning hand and maternal education were found to be associated with gender discrimination regarding food distribution among family members.
In this work AC & DC transport and sensing properties of cadmium titanate (CdTiO3) nanofibers have been investigated. Study of AC transport properties were explored using temperature dependent impedance spectroscopy. DC transport measurements were carried out using temperature dependent current-voltage (I-V) characterization. Cadmium titanate/polyvinyl-pyrrolidone composite nanofibers were prepared using an electrospinning technique. When temperature increased from 600 °C to 1200 °C the phase changes in CdTiO3 nanofibers were observed. The nanofibers annealed at 600 °C had ilmenite phase with a very small amount of CdO. Pure ilmenite phase was obtained at 950 °C. Annealing at 1000 °C yielded pure perovskite phase. Further increase in annealing temperature resulted in rutile TiO2 phase. The average diameters of nanofibers annealed at 600 °C and 1000 °C were found to be ~150 nm and ~600 nm, respectively. The length of nanofibers was ~100 μm. Analysis of frequency dependent AC conductivity in ilmenite phase revealed correlated barrier hoping (CBH) conduction from 318 K – 498 K. In perovskite phase, thermally activated small polaron hopping (SPH) conduction played dominant role from 320 K – 420 K. In DC transport, Ohmic behavior was observed at low voltages followed by space charge limited current (SCLC) with traps at higher voltages at all temperatures (200 K – 420 K). Humidity sensing characteristics of ilmenite phase were investigated. Fast response time and recovery time of 4 seconds and 6 seconds was observed, respectively. The sensor was highly sensitive and showed a reversible response with small hysteresis of less than 7%. Long term stability of the sensor was confirmed during 30 days test. Oxygen sensing using ilmenite and perovskite phase CdTiO3 nanofibers was also performed. The gas response of the ilmenite nanofibers sensor to oxygen gas was twice as high as that of the perovskite phase. The response and recovery times were 120 seconds and 23 seconds, respectively for ilmenite phase, whereas response and recovery times were 156 seconds and 50 seconds, respectively for the perovskite phase. Better oxygen sensing characteristics of ilmenite phase were attributed to large surface area ~9.41 m2/g and porosity.