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Home > Synthesis and Characterization of Mno2 @ Cuo Core-Shell Nano Structures: M. Phil Physics

Synthesis and Characterization of Mno2 @ Cuo Core-Shell Nano Structures: M. Phil Physics

Thesis Info

Author

Sadaf

Supervisor

Tariq Jan Muhammad

Department

Department of Physics

Program

Mphil

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

xii, 66p.

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Other

Classification: 620.5 SAS

Added

2022-07-09 15:11:20

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676729788606

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اْردو ادب سے رشتہ جوڑتے ہی میںنے گلزار ادب سے ایک ایسے پھول توڑنے کی کوشش کی ہے جس کے توڑنے سے دل و دماغ کی انگلیوں کوگھائل ہونے سے بچانا مشکل نہیں بلکہ ناممکن بھی تھا۔ یہ تجربہ میری زندگی کا پہلا اور مشکل تجربہ ثابت ہوا اوریہ احساس ہوا کہ کسی شخصیت پر قلم اْٹھانا اور کسی شخصیت کی فکر اور سوچ کے پوشید ہ گوشوں کی نقاب کشائی کرنا کس قدر کٹھن کام ہے۔ آج یہ کام محنت ، لگن اور بالخصوص اللہ کے فضل وکرم سے اپنے پایہ تکمیل کوپہنچا جوکہ میرے لیے باعث افتخار و مسرت ہے۔ اس ضمن میں بڑی خوشی ہوتی ہے کہ محترم شاعرؔصدیقی جیسے کہنہ مشق سخن ور کی فکر کے در یچوں میں جھانکنے کا موقع ملا اور ان کو قارئین کے سامنے لانے کی ایک کوشش کی۔
شاعرؔصدیقی کا شمار دبستان کراچی کے ممتاز و معروف شعرا میں ہوتاہے جن کا شعری سفر تقریباًسات دہائیوںپرپھیلاہواہے۔شاعرؔصدیقی کااصل نام عبدالرزاق خان ہے۔ آپ یکم فروری۱۹۳۳ء کو کلکتہ میں عبدالغفار خان کے ہاں پیدا ہوئے جو ریلوے میں ملازم تھے۔ابتدائی تعلیم کلکتہ سے حاصل کی تقسیم ہندکے وقت ہجرت کرکے مشرقی پاکستان کے شہر ڈھاکہ چلے آئے۔ اْنہوں نے شاعری کا باقاعدہ آغاز۱۹۴۹ئمیں کیا تھا جب وہ میٹرک کے طالب علم تھے۔ شاعرؔصدیقی ایک ہمہ جہت شخصیت ہیں انھوں نے اْردو شاعری میں غزل،نظم،گیت ،قطعہ،رباعی ، اور دوہا جیسے مقبول اصناف سخن پر طبع آزمائی کی ہے جس میں اْن کی فکری بلندی فنی پختگی کے ساتھ نمایاں ہے۔تحقیق کرتے وقت میرے سامنے بہت سارے موضوعات تھے لیکن شاعرؔصدیقی کے کلام کو پڑھتے ہوئے صحیح معنوں میں، مَیں نے یہ بات محسوس کی کہ گویا یہ بھی میرے دل میں تھا۔ اگرچہ یہ کام مجھ جیسے طالب علم کے لیے مشکل بھی تھا اور باعث فخربھی...

اسلامی تصور ریاست اور غیر اسلامی نظریہ ریاست کا تقابلی جائزہ

In an Islamic state, the leader is obliged by the Quran to run the affairs of the people using ‘Shura’ (consultation). He is elected based upon confidence to lead, not on his policies, because he is obliged to derive laws based upon the Quran and Sunnah، and has no option to not implement the clear laws cont-ained therein, even if not convenient for gov, which provides full protections for people’s rights at all times. In a (Western) secular Democracy, the leaders are not obliged to consult the people in running the affairs (nor fulfil their promises). They derive laws from what is convenient, and may (and do) take away people’s rights using that justification. In Islam, the leader remains in power until he becomes unjust or incompetent. In a (Western) secular Democracy, the leader remains in power despite being unjust or incompetent, and may get elected again if he can lie to the people to persuade them he is the lesser of two evils. An Islamic State is based upon sovereignty to the Creator, who doesn’t change his mind, it not prone to prejudice, bigotry or ignorance. A (Western) secular Democracy is based upon sovereignty of the Individual, who does change their mind, is prone to prejudice, bigotry and ignorance. This article explains deeply about Comparison of Islamic concept of state and non Islamic Idea of State.

Development of Tomato Breeding Material Through Mutagenesis and its Evaluation for Thermotolerance.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae. It is consumed in differing ways, including crude, a fixing in numerous dishes, sauces and beverages. It thrives well in temperature 10 °C to 30 °C. The mean temperatures below 16 °C and above 35 °C are not desirable. In summer season temperature rises in most regions of province Punjab (Pakistan) up to 45 °C that affects the germination, pollination, fruit setting and development that ultimately lowers the yield and quality. There are different techniques used to select stress tolerant lines of tomato Viz. mutagenesis is one of a major technique to create variants of tomato which can be more stress tolerant. The present study was conducted on tomato cultivar "Rio Grande". Research experiments conducted were: 1) Development of mutant population through physical and chemical mutagens. 2) Screening of mutated M1 population for thermotolernace. 3) Raising of M2 population and its screening. 4) Assessment of genetic diversity/similarity among screened thermotolerant variants by using heat specific SSRs. EMS and Gamma irradiations were used to induce mutations. Germination percentage was observed in first experiment and concluded that only two doses of gamma irradiation 5 kr and 10 kr and EMS i.e. 4 mM, 8 mM, 16 mM, 24 mM and 32 mM showed germination and all remaining doses/concentration proved lethality in tomato seed germination. This mutated population was transferred into the field for development of M1 population and screening for thermotolerence was done by using different traits (membrane stability Index%, Cell viability, RWC, proline 2 contents, morphological, reproductive and fruit related traits). On the basis of all studied traits populations developed through gamma irradiation 5 kr and EMS 4 mM, 8 mM, 16 mM and 24 mM were selected to raise M2 population assessed for thermo tolerance by using same traits as in M1 population. On the basis of results obtained for thermo tolerance related traits, twenty four mutants were selected and raised as M3 population for assessing their genetic diversity/similarity with parent Rio Grande. On the basis of results obtained from all experiments, suitable doses and concentrations of physical and chemical mutagens were identified for mutation in tomato. Membrane stability index percentage and proline contents were found as suitable selection criteria for heat tolerance studies in tomato crop. Twenty four mutants were identified with enhanced thermotolerance which proved genetically distant from their parent “Rio Grande”.