مولانا ابوالبرکات عبدالرؤف داناپوری
مہینوں سے اخبار نہیں پڑھتا کہ ان کو پڑھ کر ایک ایسے شخص کو جو ملک میں ہر طرح امن و امان اور مہر و محبت کا طالب ہو دلی صدمہ پہنچتا ہے، اسی لئے مولانا کی وفات کی خبر ان کے صاحبزادوں کے خطوط سے ہوئی، میں نے ان کے صاحبزادوں کو لکھا کہ مرحوم کے کچھ ابتدائی تعلیمی حالات مجھے لکھ کر بھیجیں۔
لیکن ان کا پھر کوئی جواب نہیں آیا، البتہ اخبارات کے چند تراشے ملے، جن میں وفات کی خبر کے سوا کچھ اور نہ تھا۔
مرحوم کا وطن صوبہ بہار میں شہر داناپور متصل پٹنہ تھا، مگر وہ ایک عرصہ سے کلکتہ میں طبیب کی حیثیت سے مقیم تھے اور گویا اب وہی ان کا گھر ہوگیا تھا، مجھے یہ بھی معلوم نہیں کہ انہوں نے تعلیم و تربیت کن اساتذہ سے حاصل کی، مگر گفتگو اور تحریر سے پتہ چلتا تھا کہ ان کو علوم دینیہ میں پوری دسترس حاصل تھی، پھر کلکتہ میں رہ کر اور سیاسی مجلسوں میں شرکت کے سبب سے وہ زمانہ کی ضروریات اور عصری خیالات و افکار سے پوری طرح آگاہ تھے اور ان علماء میں تھے جو قدیم علوم و اعتقادات فقہ کو جدید خیالات و افکار سے تطبیق دینے کی قدرت رکھتے ہیں۔
میری ان کی پہلی جان پہچان اس وقت ہوئی جب میں ۱۹۱۲ء میں الہلال کلکتہ کی ادارت میں شرکت کے لئے کلکتہ پہنچا اور اس تقریب سے کئی مہینہ کلکتہ رہنے کا اتفاق ہوا تو مختلف جلسوں میں ان سے گفتگو، بات چیت اور میل جول کی نوبت آئی، پھر ۱۹۱۷ء یا ۱۹۱۸ء میں مجلس علمائے بنگالہ کی صدر کی حیثیت سے جب میرا کلکتہ جانا ہوا اور یہ وہ وقت تھا جب اسی کے ساتھ لیگ اور کانگریس کے سالانہ اجلاس بھی وہاں ہورہے تھے...
Objectives: 1. To determine the impact of duration of exposure to industrial chemical fumes on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and blood pressure of the industrial workers. 2. To find out the association between changes in blood pressure and PEFR due to exposure to industrial chemical fumes in these subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. The study participants were 151 males working in the chemical industries. The study was approved by institutional ethical committee and informed consent was taken from the participants. Free camp was arranged for three days in September 2020 in the industrial area of Faisalabad. Thorough history of exposure to chemicals was taken using structured proforma. PEFR values were recorded using Wrights handheld peak flow meter. Blood pressure was taken by auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly raised with increase in duration of exposure. PEFR levels were significantly declined with increase in duration of exposure to chemicals. Significant negative association was noted between diastolic blood pressure and PEFR (p value = 0.003). Negative correlation was observed between PEFR and systolic Blood pressure, however it was not statistically significant (p value = 0.92). Conclusions: PEFR decreased while Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased significantly with increase in the duration of exposure to chemicals. There was a significant negative correlation between PEFR and diastolic blood pressure while there was no association between PEFR and systolic blood pressure.
Aggression is a characteristic feature of many psychiatric disorders (e.g., conduct disorder, impulse control disorders and some personality disorders). Despite the tremendous work in evidence based practices for childhood behavior problems, and efficacy of the cognitive behavioral interventions for aggressive, disruptive and conduct problems in Western countries, there was an extreme scarcity in Pakistan for empirical support for such interventions. The present research aims to culturally adapt, implement and evaluate a cognitive behavioral intervention program (Coping Power Program) for 15 Pakistani school children with aggressive problems. This represents the very first intervention study conducted in Pakistan for the reduction of child aggression. The Coping Power program is an indicated prevention program for at-risk aggressive children, and had demonstrated short and long-term effects on antisocial outcomes. The present research consists of three studies. Study-I designed for cultural adaptation and translation of Coping Power Program (CPP) -child component and outcome measures, according to a heuristic model proposed by Barrera and Castro (2006). Cultural mismatches were identified in the content and structure of the CPP with main focus to maintain the core contents of the program. Islamic concepts and teachings with cultural elements were added in the adapted version of CPP. A pilot test was conducted for CPP adapted Urdu version and outcome measures. A sample of 37 fourth and fifth grade boys, with their parents and teachers participated in the study. Five at risk aggressive boys participated in Coping Power intervention group condition. The results indicated moderate to good reliability in all outcome measures, and CPP adapted version was considered as an effective intervention program to implement on Pakistani children with some modifications. Pilot testing of CPP demonstrated improvements in targeted aggressive boys. Study-II is designed to evaluate the contextual social cognitive model of aggression, which serves as a conceptual framework for the Coping Power Program. Initially 859 fourth grade boys were screened out to identify the aggression severity group (nonaggressive, moderately aggressive and severely aggressive children). 401 children (Mean age =9.44, SD=0.50) were identified as potential participants (180 nonaggressive, 100 moderately aggressive, and 121 severely aggressive). Four domains 16 (self-regulation, social and cognitive competencies, school bonding, and parenting practices) were assessed with Urdu translated outcome measures. Results indicated significant differences among all groups; severely aggressive children exhibited elevated levels of reactive and proactive aggression, poor social cognitive processes, and experienced more corporal punishment from parents as compared to the other groups. Peer rejection was also linked with severe behavior problems and social cognitive processes of the moderately aggressive and severely aggressive children. Study-III was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of abbreviated version of Coping Power Program (25 Child group sessions in adapted version). The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which CPP is capable of reducing behavior problems and improving prosocial and competent behavior in children, when delivered in a different culture i.e., Pakistan. With randomized control trial (RCT) of pre- and post-testing, 112 fourth grade boys were allocated to Coping Power intervention condition (n=51) and control condition (n=61). Intervention took place during the fifth grade year, at the time of transition to middle school. Pre- and post-treatment were collected from child, parent and teacher to assess the intervention effects. Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) were used in order to adjust the intervention effects for scores on the baseline measures. Within group analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were further used to explain the interaction effects which were significant in ANCOVAs. Effect sizes are calculated for both groups independently, i.e., between groups and within subjects. Results showed significant differences in measures of all domains. A significant reduction was found in aggression, and impulsivity for the intervention group as compared to the control group. Boys who 17 received Coping Power Program intervention also showed improvements in behavior, social skills and social cognitive processes, with better anger control and problem solving strategies in comparison to control children. The study provides preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of Coping Power Program for Pakistani children. Despite its limitations, the results of this study are promising, and suggest that CPP is an effective intervention to reduce behavior problems and promote healthy and positive behavior in children, even when implemented in different contexts with greater potential for violence exposure. The implications are discussed for the implementation of strategies aimed at preventing aggressive behavior in school.