ENVY A PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

A negative feeling that creates displeasure and anger is known as envy. It is produced by the negative attitude towards others, having assets, greater characteristics and fair potential than him. It is a psychological disorder that creates a nuisance in society and leads to social discontent. Such kind of psychological disorder gives rise to hatred and creates an environment of enmity and mistrust. Its magnitude and impact are very high and result in conflicts and jealousy. Such a situation is disliked in Islam and is taken very seriously and rejected at all levels. It is a mental disorder that disturbs the human psyche at local and international levels, resulting in chaos and disorder. Islam guides its followers in particular but humans, in general, to remain away from it to save humanity from anarchy and psychological sickness. Islam respects humanity and guides us to preserve human dignity and values of life. It prescribes detailed solutions to such a problem to preserve human beings. In this paper, an attempt is made and a detailed analysis is provided about its occurrence within the Islamic context and methods of safety are provided to safeguard humans from the malice of envy.

Understanding a Prinicples Role in Managing Financial Resources in a Private School in the Context of Pakistan

Considerable literature emphasizes the vital role of financial resources in improving the students' achievement in particular and school improvement in general. Nevertheless, this vital role may not be visible, unless the resources are properly managed. Therefore, financial management seems an important aspect of it. Moreover, the role of the principal as a school leader appears more considerable in financial management. However, the extent to which the principal has to be engaged in financial management varies from system to system and from school to school. A number of authors suggest that the principal's role in private schools in the context of Pakistan seems more visible in financial management than in government schools. This study focuses on understanding the principal's role in managing financial resources in one private school in Karachi. The study adopted qualitative design and case study as a method. The researcher used different data collection tools like observations, interviews, and document analysis to get rich data. The findings showed that the principal of the school has a crucial role in all the processes of financial management. In the context of school-based budgeting, the principal has to be engaged in various types of financial activities along with the academic matters. The findings revealed that the principal's role was less visible in financial resource generation, which is provided by the central office and the school is only responsible for fees collection in this regards. Moreover, it was found that, simultaneous with academics activities, the principal had multiple roles and responsibilities in technical, ethical, organizational and political aspects of fiscal leadership in the school. And yet these roles in financial management seemed to take away some time of the principal from academic activities. However, the findings showed that the system is attempting to balance the principal's role as academic leader and financial manager with a particular mechanism. Moreover, devolution of the financial responsibilities to the academic and non-academic staff seems to be one of the ways of decreasing the principal's workload. Summarizing, the challenges were identified and implications were drawn that provided recommendations for the future practices of the management staff, focusing the principal's role in financial management.