The Risk of Developing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Integrated Health Care System of Pakistan-A Meta-Analysis

Studies regarding the prevalence of CLABSIs in Pakistan are limited. However, it is known that healthcare-associated infections are a concern in many low- and middle-income countries, including Pakistan. The present study is aimed to identify the relative risk of developing CLABSIs in the hospital care setups of Pakistan. The risk of biases in included studies was assessed using Cochrane tool parameters. Analysis of results revealed a relative risk of getting CLABSIs is 1.78 (p<0.001) among patients admitted in the hospitals for greater than 72 hours. This shows that the chances of getting infected at the central line site were more than 50% among patients admitted to ICUs in Pakistan. It has been concluded that the relative risk of CLABSIs in the integrated healthcare system of Pakistan is high.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/003  

Theoretical Study of Nonlinear Nanofluid Flow With Thermophysical Characteristics

In this thesis the transport of nanofluid along with heat transfer towards the stretching surface is investigated. The boundary layer flow of nano and hybrid nanofluids is examined towards stretching surface by considering three distinct cases namely; plane sheet, hollow cylinder and curved sheet. These stretching flows are encounter in aerodynamics, plastic sheet extrusion, continuous stretching of plastic films and artificial fibers. The complex governing system is simplified by employing similarity analysis and the transformed non-linear system of equations is solved numerically through well established and stable computational techniques via computational software MATLAB. The numerical procedures of authenticity are performed by means of grid independence test. The validation of the numerical results is carried out by comparison with the available literature in a limiting sense and an excellent match is attained. The influence of emerging physical parameters on fluid flow, temperature, instigated magnetic field, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are analyzed through graphs, bar charts, and tables. One of the notable findings includes that the thermophysical characteristics of nanoparticles and surface curvature have a dominant effect on velocity and temperature distributions.