14. Ibrahim/Prophet Abraham
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
14:01
Alif. Lam. Ra’.
This is the Divine Book - The Qur’an - WE have sent it down upon you - O The Prophet-
so that you may lead people out of the darkness into the light by the Permission of their Rabb - The Lord,
onto the Path of the Almighty, the All-Praised ….
14:02
…. Allah, to WHOM belongs whatever is within the celestial realm and whatever is within the terrestrial world.
Are you going to reject it?
Do not forget that for those who reject it, there is a doom of a terrible punishment.
14:03
Those who love the life of this world more than the life of the Hereafter,
and obstruct the Path of Allah, seeking to make it appear crooked and faulty-
they are far straying from the truth.
14:04
And WE never assigned any Messenger to a community with a message except in the language and idiom of his people, so that he could make the Message clear to them.
But despite this Allah lets go astray whoever wills to go astray, and HE guides whoever wills to be guided.
And HE is the Almighty, the All-Wise.
14:05
And, indeed, WE assigned Moses with OUR Miraculous Signs to Pharaoh, instructing:
‘Lead your people – Descendants of Jacob - out of the darkness into the light, and
remind them of Allah’s Days.
Truly in that are messages for every steadfast in adversity and grateful’ person.
14:06
And recall when Moses said to his people:
‘Remember Allah’s favors...
No doubt, that Allah’s book, the Holy Quran came for gathering the hearts, joining the ranks, strengthening the love and affection, kindness and justice, coordination between family and society, to build the strong coordinated society and orphan especially about the loss of their rights and depriving of their properties or engulf them wrongly. This paper discusses the care of the Quran with the orphans in all the dimensions of their rights and the situation of Qura’nic training/education for them, so that they can become strong parts for the society. Most of the coming verses discusses/narrates about them. Stating the meaning from them for all the justices that the Quran preceded all those demanding the justice for orphans rather it gave them with complete explanations. No explanations disturb anything about it knowledgeable, that the verses of the Quran presented 22 verses in which word of the orphan mentioned with the people 8 times and with the dual once and with the plural 14 times and he who explore these verses finds them divided into three types and the 1st type presents the mentioning of kindness/ charity, and testament/will for them in our Shariah and in the previous Shariahs, and the 2nd type mentions their social rights, so this paper studies all the dimensions of orphans’ life in the light of Qura’nic method with detail, so I liked to divide my this research paper into preface, 3 chapters and ending whereas preface includes the definition of orphan, and 1st chapter states the kindness/charity to the orphan and testament for them in the light of our Shariah and including the definition of orphan, and 2nd chapter presents their social rights as the 3rd takes care of their financial rights. In the ending comes with the important recommendations and suggestions.
After having reviewed, all the existing deterministic and stochastic models, being used currently, all over the world, to generate data for non- conventional energy systems, a need was felt for appropriate mathematical models to generate solar radiation and wind speed for realistic operating conditions for energy systems, by mathematical equations characterizing the deterministic and the stochastic components of the long term measured records, specially from the point of view of our country, Pakistan. Stochastic modeling of hourly global solar radiation; Markov transition matrix (MTM) model; triangulation method (modified Angstrom model) for mean monthly daily global solar radiations; autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for wind; discrete state stochastic simulation of daily averaged wind speed; simulation of wind energy for different wind turbines are the models, which we fitted and tested their validity for solar and wind data of different cities of Pakistan. The generation of synthetic sequences using these models was also done and the results obtained by these models were compared. Using stochastic modeling of hourly global solar radiation, AR(1) models give the best results showing good agreement between generated and observed solar data. MTM approach to generate hourly averaged global radiation led to a reliable simulator. The method of triangulation was found better than any single regression equation methods. For generation of wind data, ARMA(2, 0); ARMA(2, 2); ARMA(1, 0) and ARMA(2, 0) are the best fitted models for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. The time series model, which we used to generate wind power for different turbines suggested MOD2 turbines, the best suited for the coastal area considered.