بدعنوانی کے خاتمے میں معاشرے کا کردار
کوئی چیز بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے بے مقصد پیدانہیں فرمائی ، ہر چیز کی تخلیق میں کوئی نہ کوئی غرض و غایت ضرور کارفرما رہی ہے، لیکن انسان چونکہ ظلوما ًجہو لا کے مصداق تخلیق کردہ اشیاء میں کوئی نہ کوئی تبدیلی کا مرتکب ہوتا رہتا ہے اور اس چیزکی تخلیق کا جوعظیم مقصد ہے وہ پس پردہ چلا جا تا ہے۔ اور یوں کائنات کی رنگینیوں ، رعنائیوں اور دل آویزیوں کے آفتاب نصف النہار کو گرہن لگ جاتا ہے۔ کسی چیز کی اصل ہیئت کو تبدیل کرنے کا نام بدعنوانی ہے۔
مجاہد سرحدپر بجائے حفاظت کے جاسوسی کررہا ہے تو یہ بدعنوانی ہے۔ معلم مسند تدریس پرمتمکن ہو کر تشنگان علم کی پیاس بجھانے میں تساہل اور غفلت کا شکار ہے تو یہ تدریسی بدعنوانی ہے۔ مسیحاجب اپنے پیشے سے وفا نہیں کر رہا اور اس کے زیرعلاج مریض کے مرض میں اضافے کا سبب اس کی نا اہلی اور نا تجر بہ کاری ہے تو یہ گھناؤنا جرم اور کرپشن ہے۔ جس معاشرے میں ابتداء سے لے کر انتہاء تک بدعنوانی ہی بد عنوانی ہو اس معاشرے کی فضاء میں محو پرواز طائر خوش الحان بھی اپنی پرواز کوتا دیر قائم نہیں رکھ سکتا۔ ایسے معاشرے کی مسموم فضاء اس کے تنزل کا باعث بنتی ہے۔
ہم اگر بد عنوانی اور کرپشن کے خلاف قدم نہیں بڑھائیں گے تو اس کی جڑیں طول پکڑتی جائیں گی اور پھر اس ناسور پر نشتر چلانے کے لیے تا دیر ہوم ورک کرنا پڑے گا۔ اس مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپاتے ہوئے زہر ہلا ہل کے لیے کسی تریاق کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔
آج ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ہر شعبہ سے تعلق رکھنے والاشخص اس کومنطقی انجام تک پہنچانے کے لیے کمر بستہ ہوجائے ، صحافی اپنے اخبار...
Parental factors impact students’ self-concept and academic performance during the pandemic. Thus, this study determined the students’ self-concept and academic performance and the parental factors related to it. The research design was descriptive-correlational, and 500 nonrandom college students in West Philippines participated in the study. Researcher-made instruments were used, which were subjected to reliability and validity evaluation. Data were collected online from June 2021 to July 2022 and were analyzed using descriptive (frequency counts and percentage) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation). Results revealed a positive self-concept and satisfactory academic performance among the students. Besides, parental factors such as educational attainment and school/classroom involvement are significantly related to self-concept and academic performance. Further, self-concept is significantly associated with academic performance. This shows that some parental factors are vital in developing the student’s self-beliefs and supporting their studies and academic endeavors amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies may consider more factors related to academic achievement and self-concept. Other researchers may find the mediation or moderation effect of self-concept between parental factors and students’ scholastic achievement.
KEYWORDS: academic performance, COVID-19 pandemic, distance learning, higher education, parental factors, self-concept
As regional integration across the globe has proliferated, therefore, the developing countries have made it a leading policy objective to move in parallel and find access to the global market through the instrument of trade liberalization. This strategy has led to the establishment of various bilateral and regional free trade zones across the world. Pakistan is also a member of various bilateral and regional trade organizations. However, Pakistan’s achievements are negligible. To enhance its trade performance, Pakistan is anxious of negotiating additional free trade agreements (FTAs) with the trade partner economies. In addition, the recently proliferated large regional agreements in the Asia-Pacific and Europe such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) have outsiders to these agreements. They are anxious about the implications of these agreements for their own economies and trading relations. Presently, Pakistan is neither the member of TPP nor RCEP; however, desirous to join the two partnerships. In the above-mentioned background, this study aims to undertake an assessment of Pakistan’s position in the free trade agreements. The study also aims to examine the implications of TPP and RCEP for Pakistan and to identify alternative strategies for Pakistan to follow in case the consequences of the said agreements on its economy are negative. This research examines different possible scenarios (simulations) by using the global CGE model framework (MyGTAP). The first one tests the implications of trade liberalization in the context of Pakistan’s existing bilateral FTAs with its trading partners-China, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. The second scenario tests the implications of Pakistan’s potential FTAs with Turkey, Thailand and Korea on its economy. In addition to the primary focus on Pakistan’s FTAs, further simulations are carried out to project the implications of RCEP for the economy of Pakistan. The first one tests the implications of trade liberalization for the existing members of RCEP. The second scenario investigates the impact of Pakistan’s proposed membership of RCEP on the economy of Pakistan. Next is the focus on TPP. The first scenario projects the implications for Pakistan with usual implementation of TPP regulations. The second one investigates the implications of Pakistan’s proposed joining the TPP. The third scenario tries to see the implications of the proposed US’ rejoining of the TPP. Likewise, additional projections are obtained to see the impacts of the European Generalized System of Preferences arrangements such as GSP+ and ‘Everything But Arms’ (EBA) status on the economy of Pakistan.The results of simulations intimate that the overall impact of RCEP and TPP on the economy of Pakistan (as outsider) is negative. However, in case Pakistan succeeds to join the said trade agreements, there will be an overall gain for Pakistan. The impact on the other RCEP and TPP member economies’ GDP and trade is positive with a slightly larger increase in real GDP and trade when Pakistan is included in RCEP and TPP. It is also found that there are overall positive gains for Pakistan from the existing FTAs with China and Malaysia. As such, Pakistan should acquire additional market access from the partners. The results also indicate an overall beneficiary position of Pakistan in the FTA with Thailand. The impact on the GDP and trade volume of the partners is also positive indicating that the agreement leads to win-win position. It is found that the impact of European GSP+ and EBA status on the economy of Pakistan is positive and considerable if Pakistan overcomes the domestic productive limitations.