فصل پنجم: آیاتِ استفہام میں فہمِ عقیدہ آخرت (تفسیر تدبرِ قرآن کی روشنی میں تخصیصی مطالعہ)
حیات بعد الممات کا سوال ایک فلسفیانہ سوال نہیں ہے بلکہ اس کا ہمارے عملی زندگی سے بہت گہرا تعلق ہے اگر انسان کو جوابدہ کا احساس نہ ہو تو وہ اپنے اعمال پر کبھی بھی محاسبہ کرنا پسند نہیں کرے گا اس کے اخلاقی تصورات ہی بدل جائیں گے اس کا پورا اخلاقی نظام خود غرضی، بے حسی اور نفسانیت کی بنیاد پر تعمیر ہوگا اس کے برعکس اگر اعمال کی جوابدہی کا تصور ہوگا تو وہ اچھے یا برے انجام کے باعث نتیجے پر غور کرے گا۔جو لوگ قیامت کا انکار کرتے ہیں انکے بارے میں قرآن میں بیان کیا جا رہا ہے:
"وَقَالُوْٓا ءَ اِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَّرُفَاتًا ءَاِنَّا لَمَبْعُوْثُوْنَ خَلْقًا جَدِيْدًا"۔[[1]]
"اور انہوں نے کہا کہ جب ہم زمین میں گم ہو جائیں گے تو کیا ہم پھر نئے سرے سے پیدا ہونگے؟"
اس آیت میں منکرین قیامت کی روش بیان کی جا رہی ہے کہ وہ لوگ بطور تعجب کے کہتے ہیں کہ ہم مر جائیں گے ہڈیاں بوسیدہ ہو جائیں گی ہمارا وجود مٹی میں مل جائے گا تو دوبارہ کیسے پیدا ہو سکتے ہیں ؟ جبکہ یہ بات واضح ہے کہ جو خالق انکو بغیر کسی ماڈل کے پہلی بار تخلیق کرنے پر قادر ہے تو دوبارہ پیدا کیوں نہیں کر سکتا بلکہ اس کے لئے تو دوبارہ پیدا کرنا بہت ہی آسان بات ہے ۔
"اسلام نے وضاحت فرما دی ہے کہ کارخانہ ہستی کا حدوداربعہ صرف وہی عالم رنگ و بو نہیں ہے جو تمہارے چاروں طرف پھیلا ہوا ہے میدانوں ، کھلیانوں، دریاؤں ، پہاڑوں ،آبشاروں، بادلوں ، آسمان...
Some Historians have blamed on Hadrat Hind (R.A) that she mutilated the corpse and chewed the liver of Hadrat Hamza (R.A), which is the cruelty of a specific group of the opponents of Companions. But the Text Book Board of KPK has included exactly these narrations in the curriculum of Urdu compulsory of fifth class. Firstly, this incident was happened before accepting Islam, and when she accepted Islam then there is no blame can be raised upon her on this incident. But definitely, these narrations impact the mind of children. It was necessary to test the authenticity of these narrations before including in curriculum. In this article, some Historical narrations regarding Hadrat Hind (R.A) have been chosen, and some authentic narrations from Ahadith Books have been presented in order to reject these Historical narrations in a scholarly manner.
Presently many chemicals have been identified that produce ethylene in the air of soil. Calcium carbide (CaC 2 ) is one of them and is being considered well known source of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). The C 2 H 4 released from CaC 2 is not thoroughly investigated particularly for production of vegetables with improved quality. Laboratory, pot and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium carbide on tomato seed germination, growth, yield, photosynthesis and quality parameters. The first experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the best rate of calcium carbide for seed germination, root and shoot growth rate of five different tomato cultivars. It was found that application of CaC 2 @ 15 mg per Petri plate was the best among all rates that improved seed germination, root and shoot growth. Tomato cultivars performed better were selected for the next experiment. The three selected cultivars were grown in compost medium containing three different rates of calcium carbide with different five coatings in growth room under controlled conditions. Results showed that CaC 2 at the rate of 200 mg cup -1 with polyethylene, paint and paraffin coatings performed relatively better. In the 3rd experiment best selected calcium carbide based formulations in three different rates were further compared in the presence of recommended fertilizers in a pot study. Thus comparison included their effect on tomato growth, yield, photosynthetic activity and quality parameters. Data on plant height, number of flower per plant and proportion to fruit drop, yield of tomato fruit, root and shoot dry weight, and nitrogen uptake clearly showed positive effect of CaC 2 in the presence of fertilizer on all stages of growth of tomato compared to control (fertilizer only). One further pot experiment was conducted to know the best rate and time of application of formulated calcium carbide in the presence of recommended fertilizer. Results obtained were compared with those obtained from control treatment (containing fertilizer only). It is evident from the results that CaC 2 applied 2 weeks after transplanting performed better among all rates and times of application in improving almost all growth and yield parameters of tomato. Based upon the results from laboratory and pot trials, field experiment was conducted to verify the results obtained from previous experiments. In this field experiment, effect of different rates of coated CaC 2 was investigated on two best performing cultivars selected from previous experiment. The results showed that application of CaC 2 at the rate of 200 mg plant -1 not only improved growth and yield parameters of both tomato cultivars but also enhanced N uptake by different plant parts and improved nitrogen use efficiency. Overall results suggest that addition of calcium carbide along with recommended doses of fertilizers improved fruit yield more than 40 % by improving yield contributing parameters and N use efficiency. Furthermore, quality parameters related to physical appearance and chemical composition of tomato fruits were also improved by the application of CaC 2. These parameters are very much required for improvement in shelf life and processing of tomato products. In the nutshell, results confirm the growth regulator role of CaC 2 in improving the growth, yield and quality of tomato.