ڈاکٹر ضیاء الدین مرحوم
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ۲۴؍ دسمبر ۱۹۴۰ء کو ڈاکٹر سر ضیاء الدین مرحوم نے بعارضہ فالج لندن میں انتقال کیا، مرحوم اپنے علمی کمال میں ہندوستان کے مشاہیر میں تھے، وہ تعلیم کے ماہر اور ریاضیات کے ممتاز فاضل تھے، انھوں نے اپنی تعلیم کے زمانہ میں ان فنون میں ہندوستان اور یورپ کی درسگاہوں میں جو امتیازات حاصل کئے، وہ اس دور میں کم ہندوستانیوں کو حاصل ہوئے تھے، چند دنوں جامعہ ازہر میں بھی رہے تھے، اس لئے عربی سے بھی کچھ واقف تھے، ان کی پوری زندگی علم و تعلیم کی خدمت میں گزری اور وہ نصف صدی سے زیادہ کسی نہ کسی حیثیت سے مدرسۃ العلوم اور اس کے بعد مسلم یونیورسٹی سے وابستہ رہے، کئی مرتبہ وائس چانسلر ہوئے، ابھی تھوڑے دن ہوئے کہ اس عہدہ سے سبکدوش ہوئے تھے، برسوں مجلس مقننہ کے ممبر رہے، مالیات میں ان کی رائے اور مشوروں کو خاص اہمیت حاصل تھی، ان کو اس زمانہ کے بڑے سے بڑے اعزاز حاصل ہوئے، جن سے یونیورسٹی کو بھی فوائد پہنچے اور ان کے دور میں اس کو بڑی ترقی ہوئی، ان کا آخری کارنامہ میڈیکل کالج کا قیام ہے، چند مہینے ہوئے جدید تعلیمی نظام کے مطالعہ کے لئے یورپ اور امریکہ گئے تھے، کہ لندن میں پیام اجل آپہنچا۔
مرحوم اس دور کی پیداوار تھے، جب مسلمانوں پر مغربی تمدن مسلط تھا، اور اس کا سب سے بڑا مرکز علی گڑھ تھا، لیکن انھوں نے اس کا بہت کم اثر قبول کیا، اب تو ضعیفی کی عمر تھی، وہ ہر زمانہ میں نہ صرف عقیدے بلکہ ظاہری وضع قطع میں بھی مسلمان رہے، ان کی زندگی بڑی سادہ اور بے تکلف تھی، ان کی سادگی میں ایک صاحبِ کمال کی شانِ بے نیازی پائی جاتی تھی، شخصی طور پر بھی ان...
In Pakistan, the financial issues of married working women are rarely discussed. There is an absence of literature on the subject. Nevertheless, the social sciences literature has been debating financial aspect of gender, either from the perspective of employer or employee; ignoring the working women’s reservations regarding their financial contribution in their marital life, particularly with reference to spouse and in-laws expectations. This issue becomes more acute when it comes to patriarchal conservative developing societies. This study is a delicate attempt to understand the magnitude of financial support of Pakistani married working women for spouse and in-laws, in the city of Lahore. In routine, the husband as well as the in-laws expect that a working wife should surrender her income, in entirety or partially towards the household budget, thus taking the financial responsibility of her spouse along with his extended family. Such financial misgivings create tensions and pressure for the already burdened woman having a disadvantaged status. In certain cases, the contribution is by free will of the wife, as well. This research will make an attempt through a survey with 50 married working women of different social classes, residing in Lahore. The purpose is to understand the rationale of approval or disapproval of this practice. Refusal for cooperation often create problems for the earning woman, even at the risk of separation or divorce, or at the least, tensions in the married life. At the end, the study will debate over possible adjustments and compromises, which could reduce tense situation for the married working woman, and at the same time maintaining her financial independence.
Background: There is increasing evidence that the incidence of postoperative residual paresis after using neuromuscular blockers ranges from 24 to 50% in post anaesthesia care unit and is associated with postoperative complications such as critical respiratory events as evidenced by hypoxia, hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (such as the assessment of Train of four (TOF) ratio) and reversal of neuromuscular blockers has been shown to reduce postoperative residual paresis. There are very few outcome studies on effect of residual paresis in Post anaesthesia care unit (PACU). There are no published randomised control trials investigating whether using a TOF ratio ≥0.9 before endotracheal extubation compared to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function reduces the incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU. Primary Objective: To determine whether using TOF ratio ≥0.9 compared to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function before endotracheal extubation reduces the incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU Secondary objectives: To determine incidence and severity of hypoxia in PACU. To determine incidence of upper airway obstruction in PACU Study Design: Randomised, prospective, double blinded control trial Setting: Operating theatres of the Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi Population: Adults, aged 18-65 years ASA physical status I and II undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Sample size: 168 patients randomised to TOF ratio group and clinical assessment group, 84 per group. Methods: Patients requiring general anaesthesia for elective surgery with cisatracurium as the muscle relaxant were randomised into 2 groups using computer generated numbers. Group 1 were patients who required a TOF ratio of ≥0.9 before extubation. Group 2 patients were extubated based on clinical assessment of return of adequate neuromuscular function by the anaesthetist as is the standard of practice at the Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi. General anaesthesia was standardised in both groups. Both the investigators and patients were blinded during the study. Once the patient was transferred to PACU, oxygen saturation (SP02), respiratory rate and any signs of upper airway obstruction as demonstrated by stridor, laryngospasms or requirement of any airway manipulation was recorded for the first 30 minutes. Duration of anaesthesia and surgery was also recorded. Patient demographics were recorded and analysed. vii Results: There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in terms of patient demographics, duration of surgery and anaesthesia and duration since last muscle relaxant was given. In terms of hypoxia on arrival in PACU, the incidence of