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Sustenance through Architecture: Christian monastery as a portrayal for tolerance and perseverance

Thesis Info

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Author

Shaleem Anjum

Supervisor

Syed Lakhte Haider

Department

Department of Architecture

Program

Bachelor of Architecture

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

Campus Location

Islamabad

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

2017

Degree End Year

2022

Thesis Completing Year

2022

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

170

Subject

Architecture

Language

English

Link

https://www.linkedin.com/in/shaleem-a-05289b80/

Added

2022-08-11 01:10:43

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676729906895

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Christian monasteries became the religious and public buildings in Christianity and have flourished and given birth to many architectural features and work scales. In, Pakistan has had a large population of Christians during its origin but it has declined substantially due to many persecutions and migration. Although, there is resentment between the religions in Pakistan, there are examples of religious tolerance and of positivity reflected in unity and brotherhood. The project aims for the architectural typology of a monastery reflecting the ideas of religious tolerance and expanding the Church architecture that has recently come to a halt in the country. It further reflects to sustain the ecology of the site it caters to be constructed within. The ideas of sustenance in ecology and religion come together in the form of a new architectural style, i.e. Pantheclectism that aims to establish an architecture of the current and changing future scenario and at the same time demarcating an ecologically endangered site. This eventually plays its part defined within this typology to curate itself in the form of different architectural typologies that make up a monastery and in a way are also exclusive to the monastery.
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ایم ۔مہدی حسن

ایم مہدی حسن افادی الاقتصادی

            ماہ گزشتہ میں ایم مہدی حسن (افادی الاقتصادی) کا انتقال ادبیات اردو کے لئے ایک سخت حادثہ ہوا، مرحوم ایک سحرنگار ادیب اور ایک خاص طرزِ انشاء (اسٹائل) کے موجد تھے، معارف کے افق پر یہ برق ایک سے زائد بار چمکی اور یقین ہے کہ ناظرین کے دلوں میں ’’شبلی سوسائٹی اور معاصرانہ چشمک‘‘ کے لکھنے والے کی یاد ابھی بالکل تازہ ہوگی، مرحوم کو مولانا شبلی کی ذات سے گہرا تعلق تھا، اسی لئے وہ معارف کو بھی بہت عزیز رکھتے تھے اور دارالمصنفین کی مجلس انتظامی کے رکن تھے، ادب و انشاء کا ایسا ذوقِ سلیم رکھنے والے افراد مدتوں میں پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔ افسوس ہے کہ ۲۲؍ نومبر کو یہ ماہتاب کمال پیوند خاک ہوگیا۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْنَ۔

            گورگھ پور وطن تھا، مشرقی تعلیم کے ساتھ انگریزی تعلیم حاصل کی تھی۔ قرق امینی سے تحصیلداری تک بتدریج ترقی کی تھی۔ نہایت مہذب اور سنجیدہ تھے، مزاج میں نفاست اور لطافت حد درجہ تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۲۱ء)

 

            اردو کے لطیف انشا پرداز ایم مہدی حسن مرحوم (افادی الاقتصادی) کی یاد اب تک ان کے قدردانوں کے دلوں میں باقی ہوگی، مرحوم کی زندگی کی خالص خصوصیت لطافت پسندی تھی، جس سے ان کی زندگی کا کوئی شعبہ خالی نہ تھا، رہنا سہنا، پہنا اوڑھنا، پڑھنا لکھنا، سفر اور قیام، خیال اور تصور، تحریر اور تقریر ہر شے میں ان کی یہ خصوصیت نمایاں تھی، مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے لٹریچر کے وہ شیدا تھے، وہ ڈھونڈھ کر عمدہ سے عمدہ لفافے اور کاغذ مولانا کے پاس بھیجتے تھے کہ وہ ان پر ان کو خط لکھیں، جب دارالمصنفین سے کتابیں منگواتے تھے تو فرمائش ہوتی تھی کہ کتاب کی...

شیخ ابن تیمیہ کےاصولی تفردات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ An Analytical Study of the Ibn-e-Teymiyah’s Usooli Distinctions

The very existence of theology was a prelude to the competition of philosophy and the support of religion. Other religions, for the sake of legitimacy of their religion, have been raising objections to Islam in all respects. The mixture of nations, non-Arab influences, the negligent rhetoric of scholars and shaykhs, and the erroneous beliefs and practices of the people were tarnishing the clean face of Islam. In the time of Ibn Taymiyyah, there was an emphasis on theology. Theologians specialize in their knowledge and art of rationalism and logic. Their method consisted of reasoning and inference, rational and logical proofs. In contrast to them, the Hanbalis were holding the line of reasoning from the apparent meaning of verses and hadiths and texts. In the case of debates and debates, the weight of the theologians would be heavy and the opponent would be considered ignorant. Ibn Taymiyyah paid homage to the authenticity and supremacy of the Qur'an and Sunnah in such a way that he made critical commentary and analysis on philosophy and Greek logic and reasoned weaknesses and errors. One-half or two-thirds of his total writing services on the subject of speech and logic. This shows that Ibn Taymiyyah was feeling the need of defending Islam in this regard because in his time these sciences and arts had become very popular and common practice. The far-reaching effects of his thoughts and opinions in this regard have been felt in every age. The issues in which he has differed are the result of his research, jurisprudence and ijtihad, and constant reflection. The basis and foundation of which is the Quran and Sunnah, the interaction of companions and speculation. In these Ijtihad issues of hiss, there is a collection of arguments and proofs related to the Quran and Sunnah. In this article, an introductory and analytical study of Ibn Taymiyyah's fundamental differences will be presented.

Nanoformulation of Selected Medicinal Plants to Enhance Their Cardioprotective Potential

The present research work was designed to increase the bioavailability and cardioprotective potential of three important medicinal plants (Curcuma longa, Ginkgo biloba and Coriandrum sativum). This project was divided into different phases. In first phase of study, nanosuspensions of selected medicinal plants were prepared by choosing an appropriate stabilizer. Formulation conditions of nanosuspensions were optimized with response surface methodology. In second phase of study, optimized nanosuspensions of plants extract were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In third phase of study, in-vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics of coarse and optimized nanosuspensions of plants extract were evaluated. In fourth phase of study, comparative bioactivities (cardioprotective potential, thrombolytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities) of coarse and nanosuspensions of plants were determined. Results of stabilizer screening selected sodium lauryl sulphate (stabilizer) for the preparation of nanosuspensions of selected plants. Optimized nanosuspensions of C. longa, G. biloba and C. sativum were prepared with mean particle size of 85.41 nm, 139.5 nm and 72.08 nm respectively. AFM also confirmed that particle sizes of all optimized nanosuspensions were in nanosize-range. FTIR analysis showed interaction between C. longa and stabilizer and no-interaction between other studied plants and stabilizer. In-vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics study revealed greater dissolution and bioavailability of optimized nanosuspensions of plants in comparison to their coarse suspensions/extracts. Nanosuspensions of plants showed better cardioprotective potential with reduced dose as compared to their coarse suspensions. In preventive mode of treatment, four-fold greater doses of coarse suspension of C. longa, G. biloba and double dose of coarse suspension of C. sativum were required to normalize the salbutamol elevated levels of cardiac enzymes and lipids in comparison to their nanosuspensions. Antimicrobial, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities of plants were also enhanced in nanosuspension preparation. Moreover, optimized nanosuspensions were found fairly stable for a period of three months and cytotoxicity study revealed no harmful effects of formulated nanosuspensions.