مفتی عبدالقادر
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ۲۴؍ اگست کو فرنگی محل کے نامور عالم مفتی عبدالقادر صاحب نے وفات پائی، مرحوم علم و عمل میں اپنے اسلاف کرام کا نمونہ اور طبعاً نہایت خاموش اور عزلت پسند تھے، پوری زندگی خاموشی اور قناعت کے ساتھ درس و تدریس اور علم و افتاد کی خدمت میں گذاری، ان کی موت سے فرنگی محل کی ایک اہم یادگار مٹ گئی، نئی نسل جدید تعلیم یافتہ ہے، اس کو اپنے اسلاف کے علوم اور روایات سے بہت کم علاقہ رہ گیا ہے اس لئے جو ایک دو پرانے بزرگ باقی رہ گئے ہیں ان کے بعد فرنگی محل میں سناٹا نظر آتا ہے۔
اس خاندان میں جتنی طویل مدت تک علم رہا اور اس سے پورے ہندوستان کو جو فیض پہنچا اس کی مثال دوسرے علمی خاندانوں میں کم ملے گی، عموماً دو چار پشتوں سے زیادہ کسی خاندان میں علم نہیں چلتا، مگر فرنگی محل تقریباً تین صدیوں تک دینی علوم اور اس کی تعلیم کا مرکز رہا اور اس مدت میں ملا نظام الدین بانی درس نظامیہ ، ملا حیدر ، ملا حسن، مولانا بحرالعلوم، مولانا عبدالحئی اور مولانا عبدالباری رحہم اﷲ جیسے بڑے بڑے علماء پیدا ہوئے مگر اب بظاہر اس سلسلۃ الذہب کا خاتمہ نظر آتا ہے۔
مفتی صاحب مرحوم علم و عمل کے ساتھ اخلاق فاضلہ اور اوصاف حمیدہ سے بھی آراستہ نہایت خاموش متواضع، نرم خور، خندہ جبیں، شگفتہ مزاج اور خوش خلق تھے، ملنے والوں پر ان کے علم سے زیادہ ان کے اخلاق کا اثر پڑتا تھا، ان اوصاف کی بنا پر وہ ہر طبقے میں بڑے مقبول تھے۔ راقم نے ان سے مختصر المعانی پڑھی تھی، اس زمانہ میں ان کے اخلاق اور مہرومحبت کا جو نقش دل پر قائم ہوا تھا وہ اب تک باقی ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس...
Since about the middle of the 19th century, numerous attempts have been made by Muslim scholars to interpret the Qur’ān to the modern world. By far the largest output of literature produced in this connection, whether in the form of commentaries, critiques or articles in periodical, has been in Urdu, English and Arabic. But whatever the medium of expression employed, the net result is still is far from satisfactory. Moulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) was one of the most notable Muslim figures in Sub-continent. The Tarjuman-al-Qur’ān is regarded on all hands as his main contribution to Islamic learning. His original plan was to prepare side by side two companion volumes to this great of his, one entitled Tafsir-al-Bayana affording a detailed commentary of the Qur’ān, the other entitled Muqaddima, to serve as prolegomena to the Tarjuman -al-Qur’ān. The circumstances of his life did not allow him the time that he needed to execute the two projects. Moulana Azad, s thinking and philosophy about commentary of the Qur’ān is very clear: ''Explain the Qur’ān in the manner of the Qur’ān ''. This paper attempts to enlighten many aspects of Moulana Azad, s commentary of Surat-al-Kahaf and explores his contribution and Comparative Analysis for other selected Urdu Tafasir of his era.
There is consensus among climate scientists that damages to agriculture from climate change will be disproportionately concentrated in developing countries whose economies are largely farm based. The effects on industrial economies will understandably be modest if long term aggregate global effects are taken into account. It is projected that in another twenty or thirty years global warming will actually benefit farm production in developed countries of higher latitude where temperatures and precipitations have not reached the critically damaging level that lower latitude countries have already attained. Scientists agree that there is no doubt that developing countries are going to feel the impact of climate change on their agriculture much sooner and more severely since they lack the technological knowhow and capacity to adapt. This consensus serves a timely warning to agronomists, breeders and economic managers of the developing world, in particular of South Asia, where local agriculture’s proneness to respond to climate change in the shape of falling output, floods and droughts has been evident for some years. It is time for the economic managers in Pakistan to engage them in preparing their farming communities for the challenges posted by climate change. This study attempts to add its bit to emphasizing the urgency of these forecasts. This dissertation seeks to examine, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of climate change on farm efficiency and household food security status in Rural Punjab Pakistan. These impacts have been examined at the farm level for a representative sample. Current study explores the climate change impact by using Stochastic Production Frontier Model. We also constructed household food security index by incorporating Technical and Profit efficiency as a food security indicator. Logistic regression was used to measure the impact of socioeconomic and weather shocks on household food security status. The outcomes of this study are indicative of a strong impact of climate change on the agriculture of Punjab, Pakistan. Increase in long run normal precipitation and temperature have significant effect on agricultural production and farm profit that fluctuates in direction as well as magnitude across quarters. Agricultural inputs like fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide sprays, labor man-days and tractor hours positively contributed to farm production. The incidence of weather shocks and socioeconomic characteristics of the farming households are important factors of technical efficiency at farm level. xiii Results are suggestive that the mean technical efficiency score of sampled farm households stands at 0.82 indicating that the average farm production could be increased by about 18 percent by using the existing technology more efficiently in the presence of climate change. The results of profit frontier also show that climate change has a substantial impact on farm profit. The quasi fixed inputs are positively and significantly related to farm profits while input prices contribute negatively to farm profitability. The average profit efficiency score turned out to be 0.72, suggesting that the average farm, by improving their efficiency can increase the profit up to 28 percent. Food Security Index (FSI) is also constructed using different indicators like per capita cereal production, cultivated area, number of food crop grown, animal adult units owned, assets value, health expenditures, technical and profit efficiencies which represent all three aspects for food security including availability, accessibility and utilization. The overall results show that 50 percent of the households were food insecure during the study period, while the remaining 50 percent were found food secure. We also attempted to find out the effects of socio-economic factors and climatic shocks that effect the status of household food security. The results revealed high incidence of food insecurity in the sampled districts that varies across cropping zones, cotton-wheat the least and rice-wheat crops zone the most food secure. Tenants and households headed by aged members were found more food insecure. Households having access to irrigation (from tube-well) were found more food secure than those who do not have this facility. Climatic shocks —precipitation and temperature deviations from the respective long run norms do play a significant role in determining the household food security status. The findings of present study are evocative of huge impact of climate change on the rain-fed areas of Punjab since these are water scarce areas depending on rain fall for cropping. Arguably, it is vital for the better performance of the agriculture sector to combat the impact of climate change more effectively through implementation of adaptation strategies.
