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Biodiesel Synthesis via Transesterification using Non-Edible Oil Seeds by Application of Nanocatalysts

Thesis Info

Author

Maryam Tanveer Akhtar

Supervisor

Maliha Asma

Department

Department of Environmental Science

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Degree End Year

2022

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Science

Language

English

Added

2022-12-08 19:33:35

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729914516

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مولانا محمد یوسف

مولانا محمد یوسف
شیخ التبلیغ مولانا محمد یوسف صاحب رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کی وفات پوری ملت اسلامیہ کا حادثہ ہے، اس وقت ہندوستان کی تمام جماعتوں میں تبلیغی جماعت اپنے اثرات و نتائج کے لحاظ سے سب سے زیادہ مفید کام انجام دے رہی ہے، اس نے لاکھوں نامسلمانوں اور منکروں کو مسلمان اور مسلمانوں کو مومن کامل اور اسلام کا مبلغ بنادیا، اس کے قافلے ساری دنیا میں رواں دواں ہیں، جس کی مثال قرونِ اولیٰ کے بعد نہیں ملتی، اور یہ سب نتیجہ ہے ایک صاحب عزیمت مرد مومن مولانا محمد الیاس رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کے اخلاص و ﷲیت اور دینی تڑپ کا، ان کے بعد ان کے خلف الصدق مولانا محمد یوسف نے اس بار امانت کو سنبھالا، اور اس لگن سے اس کو چلایا کہ اس کا دائرہ ایشیا سے نکل کر افریقہ اور یورپ تک پھیل گیا، لیکن مشیت ایزدی کو کچھ اور منظور تھا، مولانا مرحوم تبلیغ کے سلسلہ میں لاہور تشریف لے گئے تھے کہ وقت موعود آگیا، وہیں قلب کا دورہ پڑا اور مبلغ اسلام اپنے رب کے حضور حاضر ہوگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی دینی خدمات کو قبول اور ان کے مدارج بلند فرمائے، اللھم صبب علیہ شابیب رحمتک و رضوانک یہ حادثہ اتنا سخت ہے کہ بظاہر اس کی تلافی کی امید نظر نہیں آتی لیکن اگر اﷲ تعالیٰ کو اپنے دین کی تبلیغ اور اپنے محبوب کی امت کی اصلاح کا کام لینا منظور ہے تو اس کا کوئی نہ کوئی انتظام فرما دے گا۔
تبلیغی جماعت کی کامیابی کا راز اس کا اخلاص و ﷲیت ہے، وہ ہر قسم کے جماعتی تعصب اور گروہ بندی سے پاک، اختلافی مسائل سے الگ اور قیادت و اقتدار کی ہوس سے بلند ہے، اسی لیے اس میں ہر عقیدہ و خیال کے مسلمان شریک ہیں، اس کے مبلغ...

Professional Standards Training and Understanding Pre-School Teachers’ Knowledge About Professional Standards

Theimprovement of the teacher’s quality, including teachers in general and preschool teachers in particular, hasgained interested in many countries around the world. Currently, most countries in the world have issued a framework of competency or professional standards for teachers as a basis for preschool teachers to self-assess and be assessed for their qualities and competenciet. On that basis, preschool teachers can implement the plan of quality training, strengthen and improve professional expertise. This article, the author conducts research to evaluate the implementation of the professional standards manual of schools and the teacher's understanding of professional standards. This is considered an important factor that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teacher ratings according to professional standards. In this study, the author uses mainly quantitative research methods (survey, descriptive statistics and inference statistics) to clarify the problems that the research has posed. Research results show that there is a relationship between standard manual training and preschool teachers' understanding of professional standards. Standards instructors have a good understanding of professional standards. Especially the training is organized by the school and the education and training department, so the training classes are small, with a small number of participants and therefore higher quality.

Genetic Transformation of Groundnut for Resistance to Tikka Disease

Groundnut is grown worldwide as an important cash crop and its seeds are a major source of premium quality vegetable oil and protein. Yield loss up to 70 per cent has been reported due to reduced photosynthesis resulting from increase in necrotic leaf area and defoliation after severe attack of leaf spot disease. The best way to control this foliar disease is to grow resistant cultivars, but higher levels of resistance are not available in groundnut cultivars. Genetic transformation is the best alternative in such circumstances and availability of efficient regeneration and gene delivery systems is a prerequisite for this technique. Therefore during present study, regeneration protocols were standardized by culturing three explants of each of four commercial varieties on MS medium supplemented with different hormone combinations, subsequently followed by transformation of best responding variety with chitinase gene. 78.33 per cent cotyledonary explants responded to shoot induction with 5.14 shoots/explant in Golden variety on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l NAA and 4 mg/l BAP. Roots were induced successfully (61.30 per cent) on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l NAA. Direct shoots were induced from 52.67 per cent leaf disc explants. Somatic embryos were obtained (98.33 per cent) from epicotyl explants on MS medium having 8mg/l picloram. 14.18per cent transformation efficiency through Agrobacterium, 6.88per cent by silicon carbide whisker and 6.59per cent by gene gun method has been achieved. This is first known report of Silicon carbide whisker mediated transformation in peanut in world. The transgene (RCG3) over expressed well and showed significant resistance to the Tikka disease. 12 In present study it has been proven that rice chitinase gene (RCG-3) confers strong resistance against leaf spot disease of peanut. The stable peanut lines produced will be helpful to evolve cultivars with built-in solution to control fungal diseases, specially the leaf spot. The standardized protocols of regeneration and transformation will be used for incorporation of other desirable genes in this crop.