A Comparative Study of Employees’ Perception Relating to Performance Appraisal Practices in the Public and Private Banking Sector of Sindh

Performance appraisal is a key human resource practice and source of a motivation for an employee and its success depends on justice perception of an employee towards performance appraisal system. Pakistani banking sector is playing a vital role in the economic growth of the country. Private Banks are innovative and effective in their approach as compared to the public banks. Past studies have compared the public and private banks and found that new private banks are more effective than public banks in terms of technical and economic efficiency. However, there are meager studies available in the context of justice perception of performance appraisal practices in the public and private banks. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 versions. In the result difference of justice is measured by mean differences and independent sample t-test. However, it is found that employees of private banks perceive greater justice as compared to public banks. This study emphasizes the importance of fairness perception of employees in the context of performance appraisal practices and could be used to better understand the problems associated with appraisal practices in public and private banks.

Understanding the Role of Principal in Managing School Discipline: A Case Study

A principal, being the academic and administrative head of a school, performs multiple roles in leading the school. This study made an attempt to understand the role of principal in managing school discipline in the context of a higher secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan. The purpose of the study was to develop an in-depth understanding about the school principal's approaches towards managing the frequently occurring disciplinary problems in the school. Within the qualitative research paradigm, the case study method was employed to explore the phenomenon. The study was spread over a four-month duration, out of which, six weeks were allocated for the fieldwork. Open-ended interviews, observations, and document analysis were used as data generation methods for the study. Collection and analysis of the data took place simultaneously, and as a result of the process, the study led to certain findings. It was revealed that the principals' understanding of discipline was influenced by his educational beliefs, experience, and socio-cultural orientation of the school. Perceptions of the principal emphasized on the ethical dimension of students' upbringing. In addition, the managerial perspective of dealing with school discipline was more in practice than the educative aspect of it. Frequently occurring disciplinary problems were more or less similar to that of other higher secondary schools in this part of the world. These include: truancy, violation of dress and appearance codes, tardiness, inattention in the class, noise making, bullying, fights among the students, use/ misuse of mobile phones in the school premises, and graffiti etched on furniture. Strategies which were adopted by the principal for maintaining students' discipline were a combination of both, corrective and preventive in nature. However, under the influence of the managerial view of school discipline, corrective strategies for discipline maintenance were seen more prominent, as compared to preventive ones. Discipline management through rules and regulations emerged as a major strategy, supplemented by the use of moral diplomacy' as a contextually effective guiding principle adopted by the principal and teachers for managing discipline. Furthermore, efforts are underway to evolve a collaborative system for discipline management, whereby all the stakeholders would be involved in the process. Moreover, there is a shared belief in use of role modeling by the principal and teachers as a strategy. However, the gap was observed in the walk' and talk' of the school leader.