کل کے سکھ تو گروی رکھے, پچھلے بوجھ اتارے
اندر اندر سلگوں لیکن نکلوں زلف سنوارے
جانتی ہوں میں تیز ہوا ہے راہ میں رستہ روکے
کون ہے ,خوشبو کے لہجے میں جا کر اسے پکارے
ایسے لگتا ہے میں خود ہی اس پہ جھولنا چاہوں
مجھ کو درد کی سولی سے اب آکے کون اتارے
اسی لیے تو نیند کی دیوی سے میں چھپنا چاہوں
روز مری آنکھوں سے کوئی آگ سے خواب گزارے
دیکھ دیکھ کے ان کو حوصلہ ملتا تو ہے مجھ کو
میری طرح سے جاگتے ہیں یہ شب بھر چاند ستارے
ایک اداسی کے دھاگے میں خود ہی بندھتی جاؤں
میری سوچوں پر یہ کون ہے خوف کے چھینٹے مارے
درد کے پیکر میں ڈھل جاتے ہیں معلوم نہیں
میری غزلیں, میری نظمیں, میرے
It is important to know that how the whole system of Madrasah education was evolved and what were various trends which contributed in shaping the whole system of religious Education in the Muslim world, particularly. I this article I will be presenting a comparative analysis of some important Religious Education systems prevalent in prominent Muslim Countries to demonstrate that how same institutions can develop on different lines due to application of certain approaches by state. Here I will be making a comparison of five Muslim countries namely Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Indonesia and Bangladesh. Under this comparison I would try to illustrate briefly that how different contexts actually shape and direct the overall approach, methodology and pedagogical methods of these institutions. And I will try Here I will make comparison of four major religious education institutions working in four different Muslim countries namely
Agroforestry has appealed substantial curiosity in recent times because of its radical potential to preserve and upsurge farm productivity round the globe. Productivity of agroforestry systems mainly depends upon interaction of growth limiting factors (space, water, nutrients, shade etc.). Incompatible alley cropping systems (agroforestry systems) may undesirably upset crop productivity in semi-arid regions on account of intensified competition. It is, therefore, imperative to develop appropriate alley cropping systems comprising trees with suitable understorey crop(s) and/or grass(es) with multi-dimensional complementarity, and application of suitable soil amendments (as nutrient source) to prevaricate losses in biomass productivity/harvestable product(s)/crop yield(s). Adoption of agroforestry systems and application of suitable soil amendments simultaneously improve soil properties and biomass productivity of the ecosystem. The objectives of present research work were to evaluate effect of application of inorganic and organic amendments in different types of agroforestry systems in 2-year field experiments on biomass productivity, soil physiochemical properties and salt dynamics in soil profile. The experiments were carried out at Biosaline Research Station (BSRS), Pakka Anna, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Agroforestry systems included agrisilviculture systems i.e., Acacia and Eucalyptus wheat based systems and silvipastoral systems i.e., Acacia and Eucalyptus para grass based systems established in saline environment. Biomass production of different components of the systems was recorded with due course of time. In agrisilviculture systems, more compatibility was perceived in Acacia wheat based alley cropping systems in contrast to Eucalyptus wheat based systems as the former supported higher growth of understorey wheat crop. Higher trend in growth and yield parameters of wheat was observed in open field systems (full sunlight) whereas; it was lower in Acaciabased systems and lowest in Eucalyptus based system in general (control conditions). Application of nitrogen fertilizer and farm yard manure in combination further enhanced biomass production and soil improvement process. Soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio) as affected by different systems showed that these properties improved much in Acacia-based systems. Application of nitrogen with farm yard manure further improved the soil properties. In silvipastoral systems, more compatibility was observed in Acacia-para grass based systems as compared to Eucalyptus based systems because the former system supported higher growth of understorey para grass component. Higher trend in growth and production of para grass was observed in open field systems (full sunlight) whereas; it was lower in Acacia-based systems and lowest in Eucalyptus based system. Application of amendments (gypsum and farm yard manure) in combination further enhanced biomass production and soil improvement process. Soil properties (pH, EC and SAR) as affected by different systems showed that these properties improved much in Acacia based systems.