کوئی ملتا ہی نہیں سوختہ پا میری طرح
جس کو معلوم ہو وحشت کا پتا میری طرح
میرے جیون کو اُداسی سے ملانے والا!
دشت میں پھِرتا رہے آبلہ پا میری طرح
میں نے احباب کو آواز لگا کر پوچھا
کوئی رہتا ہے شبِ غم میں سدا، میری طرح؟
اے کئی دن سے مرے ذہن پہ چھائے ہوئے شخص
تو مجھے وصل کے سپنے نہ دکھا میری طرح
رات بھر چاند کو احوال سنانے کے لیے
کیا ٹھہرتی ہے دریچوں میں ہوا، میری طرح؟
زندگی! میری طرف دیکھ کے ایماں سے بتا
ایک بھی شخص کوئی تجھ کو مِلا، میری طرح
تند اور تیز ہواؤں کے علاقے میں سعید
زیست کرتا ہے فقط دل کا دِیا میری طرح
Foreign policy is one of the wheels with which process of international politics operates. It is not separate from the national policy. It is an important tool to relate the relations to other countries. Foreign policies consist of aims and measures that are intended to guide government decisions and actions with regard to external affairs, particularly relations with foreign countries. Friendly, non-threatening and peace-loving attitude seems to be the hallmarks of most states. Yet on the other hand, there could be some countries that act as hostile and aggressive and there is hardly any world force that can constrain them. A basic and age-old problem of state systems arises from here: national security. Many states deploy armed forces to deal this particular problem. Usually, states coexist and deal with each other without breaking the internal hegemony. So the main issues of mankind are war and peace. A great emphasis has been put in Islam in the field of international relations. Islam developed a different structure and gave a distinct understanding of international relations. Islam offers a complete handbook on international relations through his teachings. Peace works as root in the relation of countries. Securing the world peace and settling disputes and anarchy are the core aims of Islamic teaching.
HCV has been on the top of virus-induced liver diseases in many parts of the world and has gained endemic proportions in our population. Frequency of HCV in Pakistan is significantly higher (4.7%) when compared to the populations of same ethnicity. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. It is a member of the Hepacivirus genus in the family Flaviviridae. The RNA encodes a large polypeptide of about 3,000 amino acids in a single continuous open reading frame (ORF) which is flanked at the 5'' and 3'' ends by non-translated regions (5'' UTR). Viral load suppression reduces risk of hepatitis C liver morbidity and mortality and prevents progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and decompensated liver disease requiring liver transplantation. Patient race/ethnicity and HCV genotypes also affected the risk of future liver events and death. Multivariate analyses examining socio-demographic and clinical characteristics found that race was the only variable significantly associated with the difference in response rates. So we designed a study to find that how does our local population respond to Hep C treatment regimens and which treatment regimen is effective and safe. Moreover, we also wanted to know that either viral load was correlated to treatment outcome or not. We also planned to do the Pharmacoeconomic analysis of treat regimens. In our study we included adult male / female patients who were seropositive for HCV RNA were tested with real time PCR after an informed written consent. Patients with chronic liver disease, decompensated cirrhosis, anemia (hemoglobin concentration, less than 12 g per deciliter in women and less than 13 g per deciliter in men), psychiatric conditions, seizure disorders, cardiovascular disease, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, or autoimmune diseases were excluded from the study. Initially 104 patients were evaluated for genotypes and found that 90% of the cases in our local population were infected with HCV 3a genotype. Based on specific prevalence it was decided to compare two treatment regimens (Peg INF+RV & INF+RV) only in patients infected with HCV 3a genotype. We evaluated these treatment regimens for the efficacy and safety both. The required data was recorded on structured data collection form. Their Virologic response was measured at week 0, week 4, week 12, week 24 and week 48 to evaluate treatment efficacy. The initial viral load was also compared with the final out come of the therapy. After the end of the therapy these patients were followed for sustained response. LFTs, RFTs and hematologic parameters were measured on regular intervals to evaluate drug safety. We also did pharmacoeconomic analysis of both treatment regimens being used in our local population to treat Hepatitis C virus infected patients. Our study concluded that though INF+RV treatment regimen was cheaper but Peg INF+RV treatment regimen was more affective in 3a genotype. As far as treatment safety was concerned it was comparable in both regimens. The Virologic response can be used to modify duration of therapy. Moreover, fatty liver can be used as a predictor to assess the final out come of the treatment.