سائنس آئی بہار یں لائی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’سائنس آئی بہاریں لائی ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا عظمت کا تاج اس کے سر پر سجایا اور جملہ مخلوقات میں اسے اعلیٰ وارفع مقام پر فائز فرمایا۔ اس کی عظمت کا سبب علم کے ساتھ ساتھ عقل کو بھی قرار دیا اور غیر ذوی العقول مخلوقات میں سے اس ذوی العقول مخلوقات کی اہمیت کا لوہانوری اور غیر مرئی مخلوق ملائیکہ سے بھی منوایا یہاں تک کہ وہ اس حیوانِ ناطق کے سامنے سجدہ ریز ہوئے۔
صاحبِ صدر!
یہ ساری عظمتیں ، یہ ساری رفعتیں، یہ ساری شفقتیں، یہ ساری عنایتیں ، یہ ساری سعادتیں ، یہ ساری فضیلتیں اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو عطا فرمائیں کیونکہ علمِ الٰہی میں موجودتھا کہ میری کائنات کے گلشن میں بہار انسان لائے گا۔ میری زمین پر فلک بوس پہاڑوں سے جوئے شیر انسان نکالے گا، آسمان پر پرواز یہ انسان کرے گا۔ خونخوار درندوں کو مطیع میرا یہ انسان کرے گا۔ انسان کی عظمت و رفعت کی بلندیوں پر فائز کرنے والی اللہ تعالیٰ کی ذات ہے اُس نے دنیاو مافیہا کی ہر چیز انسان کے لیے پیدا فرمائی اور انسان کو اپنی عبادت کے لیے پیدافرمایا۔
جانور پیدا کیے تیری وفا کے واسطے
چاند سورج اور ستارے ہیں ضیاء کے واسطے
کھیتیاں سر سبز ہیں تیری غذا کے واسطے
سب جہاں تیرے لیے اور تو خدا کے واسطے
معزز سامعین!
سائنس علم کا ایک شعبہ ہے، سائنس کا لفظ جب قوت ِسماعت پر دستک دیتا ہے۔ سائنس کا لفظ جب قوت بصارت کو متحرک کرتا...
Interfaith harmony refers to the peaceful coexistence and cooperation between people of different religious beliefs. This abstract focuses on the need for interfaith harmony, the challenges that hinder it, and the way forward towards achieving it. The need for interfaith harmony arises from the diversity of religious beliefs and practices around the world, which can lead to misunderstanding, conflict, and violence. Interfaith harmony promotes mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation among people of different faiths, which can lead to a more peaceful and just society. However, achieving interfaith harmony is not without challenges. These challenges include ignorance, prejudice, fear, and mistrust among people of different faiths. There are also social, economic, and political factors that can contribute to the breakdown of interfaith relations. To overcome these challenges, there are several ways forward towards achieving interfaith harmony. These include education and awareness-raising initiatives that promote interfaith understanding and dialogue. There are also interfaith organizations that bring people of different faiths together for mutual cooperation and support. Additionally, there are political and legal measures that can protect the rights of religious minorities and ensure their full participation in society. In conclusion, interfaith harmony is essential for building a peaceful and just society. While there are challenges to achieving it, there are also ways forward towards promoting interfaith understanding, cooperation, and respect.
Conservation involves sustaining of biological diversity as its main goal. Description of all taxa and their relative abundance are the most important components of biodiversity conservation within an ecosystem. Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of the class Insecta. They are phytophagous as well as pollinators. Parasitoids are the biological control agents cosmopolitan in nature and keep check on caterpillars, by parasitizing them. Identifying and conserving these biological control agents is important as it allows us to rely less on chemicals, and hence reduce their impacts on ecosystems. The Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) is among one of the largest families, being used successfully in biological control programs worldwide. The present study aimed at identifying the relative abundance of some of the braconids and their lepidopteran hosts from the cropland of district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, sampling was carried out from four crops, namely wheat, fodder, brassica and vegetables, for one year from June, 2010 to May, 2011. Fodder was the most infested crop, with 37.28% of the total lepidopteran specimens, followed by vegetables (36.25%), brassica (23.08%) and the least being wheat (3.38%). A similar trend was observed for braconids, being 31.90%, 25.38%, 21.63% and 21.08% for fodder, vegetables, brassica and wheat, respectively. Host-parasitoid associations, helpful in designing biological control programs, were assessed by regression analysis. Pieris brassicae showed the best probable association with Heterospilus spp., Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia vestalis, having R 2 values as 0.96, 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. Quantification of foraging of lepidopteran caterpillars was done to understand suitability of different host plants for cultural control measures. P. brassicae was found to be the most destructive species, with maximum larval duration of 17.67±0.47 days on brassica plants, followed by Helicoverpa armigera 17.00±0.82 days on cauliflower. Trichoplusia ni had maximum larval duration of 14.3±0.47 days on cabbage, and those of Spodoptera exigua had 14.00±0.47 days on cauliflower. The average consumption of all food offered by larvae of P. brassicae, H. armigera, T. ni and S. exigua was calculated as 14.67±5.75g, 11.76±5.25g, 10.75±5.25g and 8.99±6.15g respectively. Brassica was the preferred crop for P. brassicae, as maximum larval length (36.45±0.05mm), pupal length (20.00±0.82mm) and adult length (43.00±0.81mm) was observed when larvae fed on this crop. Cauliflower was the preferred diet for S. exigua and H. armigera. Both of the species showed maximum size of larvae (35.4±0.00mm, and 47.00±0.00mm), pupae (18.33±0.47mm and 19.67±0.47mm) and adults (26.00±0.47mm and 35±0.81mm), respectively, when fed on cauliflower. P. brassicae was found to be a potential host for two species of the genus Cotesia, namely C. vestalis and C. flavipes. In the present study Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs) could only be developed for species identification of T. ni due to experimental and financial limits. Such types of studies are very helpful in designing biological control programs for assessment and control of economic pests.