کوئی ملتا ہی نہیں سوختہ پا میری طرح
جس کو معلوم ہو وحشت کا پتا میری طرح
میرے جیون کو اُداسی سے ملانے والا!
دشت میں پھِرتا رہے آبلہ پا میری طرح
میں نے احباب کو آواز لگا کر پوچھا
کوئی رہتا ہے شبِ غم میں سدا، میری طرح؟
اے کئی دن سے مرے ذہن پہ چھائے ہوئے شخص
تو مجھے وصل کے سپنے نہ دکھا میری طرح
رات بھر چاند کو احوال سنانے کے لیے
کیا ٹھہرتی ہے دریچوں میں ہوا، میری طرح؟
زندگی! میری طرف دیکھ کے ایماں سے بتا
ایک بھی شخص کوئی تجھ کو مِلا، میری طرح
تند اور تیز ہواؤں کے علاقے میں سعید
زیست کرتا ہے فقط دل کا دِیا میری طرح
Farmers predominantly belong to lower class of the society, particularly in developing and under developing countries. This actuality really put them on back-foot in every sphere of life, including their various agricultural activities. For instance, they always face problems to fulfil their agricultural requirement, both for crop and non crop activities, and hence, not in position to get utmost benefits from their efforts. Being citizens of a developing country, Pakistani farmers come across the identical situation. As they are Muslims, therefore, avoid securing interest based loan from the financial institutions. Islamic financial system provides an alternate to such interest based arrangement in the shape of various financing techniques. Among these, Istisnā’ (manufacturing) is the most important one which can be used effectively for the fulfilment of various agricultural requirements. However, its role is more dominant in the satisfaction of non crop agricultural activities that is for example, manufacturing of some heavy agricultural machinery and equipments, installation of tube-wells and channels for appropriate irrigation system, construction of small houses for farmers in their lands etc. The present work discusses the theoretical background of this mode, available in the scholarly work of classical and contemporary Muslim jurists’ work, followed by the description that how it can be used for financing various sectors of agriculture. Study reveals the transaction is equally viable for the development of all sectors of agriculture like local farming, fish farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, horticulture etc. The intended results can be achieved when the financial institutions apply the transaction in its true spirit and philosophies envisaged for it by Islamic commercial law, and not mere a source of earning profit.
Energy specialists no longer have to acquaint the public with the existence of energy problem in Pakistan. Symptoms of our increasingly dependences of dwindling fuel resources have emerged sometimes slowly and gently, sometimes suddenly and painfully. We are all aware of the forms in which we have experience them in our own life and we are becoming more and more aware of the ways in which they affect others today. Industrialization, improvement of living standards and population growth are leading to rapidly increasing energy consumption in developing countries as well as Pakistan. Pakistan’s economy run largely on fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil). If energy problem has arisen in fairly static Pakistan, it might have been possible to solve it in time by reducing the amount of energy used and by gradually substituting new energy sources for oil. Oil demand behavior is more complex. Oil products can be rationed or domestic energy production can affect oil demand. The nature of energy problem is manifold, how we exploit or conserve the resources available to us today, how vigorously we develop new technologies and how carefully we contain their potentials for environmental damage, all determines the range of opportunities left to future generation. The solution is then to develop an energy system that has no or minimum environmental, economic and societal impacts, which we refer to as “green energy”. In principle energy system that has reduced or minimal adverse impact might be considered as “greener” energy. The definition of green energy implies that green energy as a long-term objective will provide an important attribute for sustainable development. This is because attaining sustainable development requires the use of energy resources and technologies that do not have adverse environmental, economic and social impacts. Clearly single energy source such as fossil fuels are finite and thus lack the characteristic needed for sustainability while others such as renewable energy sources are sustainable over relatively long term. Pakistan is a country with a large population and rapidly growing economy. It has huge energy needs. The country is historically a net importer of energy and confronting serious electricity shortages. With the upward spiral of international fossil fuel prices it’s high time to initiate a sustainable long term transition towards the indigenous, clean and abundant resource of green energy. The considerable potential of this rich resource is not harnessed properly and it is yet to tap. Most of the renewable energy in Pakistan comes from hydroelectricity in the past. The two other potentially strong renewable resources regarding Pakistan are solar and wind.