عثمان غنی
افسوس ہے کہ مشہور صحافی اور قومی آواز کے لائق مدیر جناب عثمان غنی ۲۴؍ اگست کی شب میں انتقال کرگئے، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم عرصہ سے بیمار اور کینسر کے موذی مرض میں مبتلا تھے، علاج کے لیے میڈیکل کالج میں داخل تھے، وہیں پیام اجل آگیا، ۲۵؍ اگست کو جمعہ کی نماز کے بعد امین آباد کچہری روڈ کی مرکز والی مسجد میں ان کی پہلی نماز جنازہ مولانا متین میاں فرنگی محلی کی اقتدا میں ادا کی گئی اور دوسری جنازہ کی نماز عیش باغ کی مسجد میں عید گاہ کے نائب امام مولانا خالد رشید فرنگی محلی نے پڑھائی اور عیش باغ کے قبرستان میں سپرد خاک کیے گئے۔
عثمان غنی صاحب کی تعلیم جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ دہلی، علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی اور لکھنو یونیورسٹی میں ہوئی تھی، ان کی صحافتی زندگی کا آغاز علی گڑھ ہی میں ہوگیا تھا جب انہوں نے اپنے بعض ساتھیوں سے مل کر یونیورسٹی ٹائمز نکالا تھا، پھر وہ اردو کے مشہور جریدہ ’’قومی آواز‘‘ سے اس وقت منسلک ہوئے جب وہ مرحوم حیات اﷲ انصاری کی ادارت میں نکلتا تھا، ان کے اور جناب عشرت علی صدیقی کے دور ادارت کے بعد یہ اس کے چیف ایڈیٹر ہوئے لیکن اسی دور میں نامساعد حالات کی بنا پر اخبار بند ہوگیا، اس کے بعد عارضی طور پر انہوں نے ’’قومی خبریں‘‘ کی ادارت سنبھالی، اس کے بعد کسی اور اخبار کی ادارت کی پیش کش قبول نہیں کی۔
عثمان غنی مرحوم کے اداریے پر مغز اور متوازن ہوتے تھے، اردو اور انگریزی دونوں پر انہیں پوری قدرت تھی، سائنس، تاریخ، سیاست اور نئے علوم پر ان کی اچھی نظر تھی، وہ اصلاً سائنس کے طالب علم تھے لیکن ریاضی بھی ان کی دلچسپی کی چیز تھی، ہر موضوع سے متعلق ان کی معلومات تازہ...
Civic behavior reflects the values related to individual’s attitude towards family, peer group, and neighborhood and includes the way one behaves in the society and community as a whole. The purpose of the present study is to describe what civic behavior is, its characteristics, its status in the Hadith, and the way forward for improvement of the civic behavior as guided by Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ). Study implies that truthfulness, mercifulness, polite talk, helping others, respect for others, caring and sharing and promise-keeping, loyalty, sympathy, honesty, kindness, brotherhood, cooperation, fairness and unity are the core qualities that make the individual a civilized and active citizen and our Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is the embodiment of all these virtues. Descriptive approach was followed to explain and analyze the concept. First the concept of civic behavior was interpreted, then its importance and characteristics were discussed. After that it was explored in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The findings highlight that the civic behavior in its best form was preached and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions. Each dimension was interpreted in the light of the Quran and the Sīrah. It was concluded that Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) is an immaculate source of guidance and inspiration for not only Muslims but also for the whole mankind in acquiring the core values and abilities that determine the Civic behavior of an individual which ultimately results into a well-organized, peaceful and civilized society The study suggests that civic behavior of the citizens has significant impact on the formation and development of a peaceful society. It is recommended that civic behavior as reflected in the life of and practiced by the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) should be promoted and practiced for achieving a civilized social setup.
Design and development of power-aware, scalable and performance efficient routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an active area of research. In this dissertation, we show that insect colonies based intelligence – commonly referred to as Swarm Intelligence (SI) – provides an ideal metaphor for developing routing protocols for WSNs because they consist of minimalists, autonomous individuals that through local interactions self-organize to produce system-level behaviors that show life long adaptability to changes and perturbations in an external environment. In this context, we propose a new routing protocol for WSNs – BeeSensor – inspired by the foraging principles of honey bees. We follow a three phase novel protocol engineering cycle. In the first phase, we study the foraging principles of a bee colony and utilize the inspirational concepts to develop a distributed, simple and energy-efficient routing protocol for WSNs. We then evaluate and compare the performance of this protocol with existing classical and SI-based WSN protocols. The simulation results demonstrate that BeeSensor consistently outperforms the existing well-known protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and energy efficiency. However, its performance degrades slightly as the network size is increased. To gain more insights into the parameters governing the behavior of BeeSensor in large-scale networks, in the second phase, we develop a generic mathematical evaluation framework to model two key performance metric of an ad hoc routing protocol: routing overhead and route optimality. We then develop specific routing overhead and route optimality models of the BeeSensor protocol. The metric models unfold several interesting insights about the performance of BeeSensor in large-scale networks. For instance, with an increase in the average hop length, route discovery probability of BeeSensor decays exponentially. We also model the reliability of packet delivery of the BeeSensor protocol. The model shows that the reliability of packet delivery is a concave function of the total number of paths. Therefore,maintenance of a set of paths beyond a certain threshold limit does not result in a proportional increase in the packet delivery ratio. Based on the insights inferred through the formal modeling, we revise the design of BeeSensor protocol in the third phase. To conclude this dissertation, we per- form simulation studies – using prowler simulator – to analyze and compare the performance of the final BeeSensor design with existing protocols. In the first set of experiments, we compare its performance with SI-based energy-efficient WSN protocols. The simulation results demonstrate that BeeSensor outperforms its com- petitors in all assumed scenarios and metrics. We then implement the BeeSensor protocol in NS-2 simulator to further investigate its performance in mobile networks and large-scale static sensor networks. The results clearly show that BeeSensor not only performs well in large-scale networks, but is equally good in MANETs as well. Therefore, BeeSensor is a viable protocol for hybrid ad hoc networks.