جس رزق سے آتی ہو پرواز میں کوتاہی
نحمدہ وَ نُصَلِّیْ علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہورہی ہے وہ ہے:
’’جس رزق سے آتی ہو پرواز میں کوتاہی‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
انسان نے ایّام زیست گزارنے ہیں، عالم رنگ و بو میں سانس لینا ہے، اس جہاں کے اندر موجود نشیب و فراز سے اسے واسطہ پڑنا ہے، افراط و تفریط کا شکار بھی ہونا ہے، اور پھر افراط وتفریط کے گرداب سے اپنی ناؤ کی حفاظت بھی کرنی ہے، کا ئنات کی رنگینیاں، رعنائیاں اور دل آویز یاں بھی اُس کے لیے سازگار ماحول فراہم کریں گی۔ یہ سب منظر اس کی آنکھوں کے سامنے سے گزرنے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
ان انعامات الٰہیہ سے صرف وہی مستفید ہو سکتا ہے، جس میں ان کے حسین مناظر کو دیکھنے کی سکت ہو ،جس کی قوتِ سماعت مضبوط ہو، جس کے حواسِ خمسہ ان حسین و جمیل نظاروں کے لیے مستعد رہتے ہوں ،جونسیمِ صبح کی فرحت بخش ٹھنڈک محسوس کرنے کے لیے ہمہ وقت آرزومند ہو، جن کے جسم و جاں کسی اضمحلال کا شکار نہ ہوں۔
محترم صدر!
انسان کو اللہ تعالیٰ نے اشرف المخلوقات بنایا ہے، عظمت کا تاج اس کے سر پر سجایا ہے، انسان ہمیشہ اعلیٰ سے اعلیٰ اور ارفع سے ارفع کا آرزو مند رہتا ہے، اُس کا طائر غور و فکر بلند پروازی کا متمنی رہتا ہے، اُس کی اُمنگیں اور آرزوئیں عظیم سے عظیم تر ہوتی ہیں، وہ کبھی گھٹیا اور ادنیٰ حرکت کا مرتکب نہیں ہوتا۔ اُس کے حوصلے بلند اور عزائم مضبوط ہوتے ہیں۔
جنابِ صدر!
شاعرِمشرق حضرت علامہ اقبال رحمۃ اللہ علیہ انسان کو اس کی حقیقت سے...
Islamic law consists hundreds of rulings that encourages the trends and cultural norms of a society in one or other. Similarly, it also strongly confine such mannerisms and social traits, though considers righteous and good, which affect the order of society and may the cause of rights exploitation of any gender. Sharia’s Teachings counts it illegitimate & unlawful. “Honour Killing” is one of the prevailed custom across the nation with different local names, extremely brutal act, violating not only sharia’s law but also the reflection of mercilessness and inhumanity. Regrettably, in Pakistan this awful deed is measured as an act of appreciation and is not only regarded likeable and acceptable but also considered a thing to be proud of. This study mainly focus on highlighting the sharia’s rulings about the nature of Honour killings along with disclosing distractions extent of prevailed custom from the main stream of Islamic law coupled with emphasis on administrative loopholes of the conventional justice system of Government of Pakistan in this regard.
Agriculture is the single largest sector and dominating driving force for growth and development of Pakistan‟s economy. Its share in GDP is 24% and employs 48.4% of the total work force of the country. It also provides raw materials for the agro-based industries and adds sustainability to Pakistan‟s export earnings. At present the average yields of various crops are low as compared to their potential yields and also to those of the advanced countries. The research advancements made in the field of agriculture indicate that the available technologies have much potential, which is not being properly exploited by the farmers. The research studies indicate that lack of proper dissemination of agricultural technologies among the farmers is still of one of the major causes for their non-adoption by the farmers. For the effective dissemination of agricultural technologies among the farmers, many extension approaches have been implemented from time to time. At present three main approaches are working in the country: public sector extension approach (PSEA), participatory extension approach (PEA) and commodity specialized extension approach (CSEA) for the guidance and education of the farmers, but still the extension‟s role does not appear to be much effective. However, each approach has some strengths, which may be used by other approaches for the improvement of extension work. Keeping in view this situation, the present study was planned to analyze these three approaches in the context of technology dissemination and its utilization by the farmers. For this purpose the data were collected from 360 respondents taken from the farmers of the three selected approaches by selecting an equal sample of 120 respondents each, from 10 randomly selected villages of tehsil Chak Jhumra of Faisalabad district in which the three approaches are simultaneously in operation. A comparison of the three selected approaches was made against the selected parameters like sustainability, farmers‟ participation, women participation, linkages development, knowledge gain, technology utilization, diversification, competence of extension field staff (EFS), effectiveness of extension messages, effective use of extension methods, responsiveness to various categories of rural people, organization of target groups, responsiveness to national policies and goals and overall perception of the farmers regarding these approaches. The collected data were analysed by using frequency distributions, weighted scores, analysis of variance, standard variation and LSD values. The Chi-square was also used for computing relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of therespondents and some dependent variables like farmers‟ participation, knowledge gain and technology utilization. The results indicated that PSEA was a better approach than PEA and CSEA with regard to the introduction of sustainable agricultural practices among the farmers. PEA had provided more opportunities to the farmers for their participation in extension programme development than the PSEA and CSEA. PSEA and CSEA had absolutely provided no opportunity for women participation at any stage of extension programme development whereas the women were given opportunities for their participation in PEA. PSEA had developed more linkages with various categories of farmers and agricultural allied agencies than those of PEA and CSEA. PEA was the approach that had covered all the diversified areas whereas rest of the two approaches were not putting sufficient efforts in providing coverage. PEA was a better approach than the other two approaches (PSEA and CSEA). PSEA was ranked at the top with regard to the knowledge gain regarding crop production and protection practices by the farmers, whereas PEA and CSEA were rated as 2 nd and 3 rd respectively. As regards the technology utilization by the farmers PSEA, PEA and CSEA were rated 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd respectively. PSEA got the highest score among the selected approaches with regard to competence of extension field staff. The extension messages were well prepared in PSEA than those of PEA and CSEA. PEA was responsive to more categories of rural people as compared to the other two approaches (PSEA and CSEA). The EFS of PSEA used the extension methods more effectively than those of PEA and CSEA. The EFS of PEA was more serious in organizing the target groups among the rural communities than the other two approaches (PSEA and CSEA). According to the overall perceptions of the farmers, the PEA was a better approach followed by the PSEA and CSEA.