دیا نرائن نگم ، بی ۔ اے
اردو زبان کے مشہور پرانے رسالہ زمانہ کے اڈیٹر دیانرائن نگم نے اسی مہینہ وفات پائی، کالج سے نکلنے کے ساتھ انہوں نے بریلی میں زمانہ کو جو اردو کا ایک معمولی رسالہ تھا، اپنی ادارت میں لیا اور اس کو کانپور لائے اور اس حد تک چمکایا کہ اردو کے رسالوں میں گناجانے لگا، بلکہ اس وقت وہ اردو کا سب سے پرانا رسالہ ہے، پریم چند آنجہانی کو وہی سب سے پہلے اسٹیج پر لائے، ان کے علاوہ اور بہت سے اچھے لکھنے والے اور کہنے والے ہندو اور مسلمان نوجوانوں نے ان کے سایۂ قلم میں تربیت پائی اور کہنا چاہئے کہ زمانہ صرف انہی کی بدولت ہندو اور مسلمان اہل قلم کا سنگم اب تک رہا اور اس کو دیکھ کر تسکین ہوتی تھی کہ ہندو مسلمانوں کی پرانی تہذیب کے شیدائی ہندو ابھی تک زندہ ہیں۔
مدت سے جسے دورِ زماں میٹ رہا ہے
امید ہے کہ زمانہ آئندہ بھی اپنے بانی کی یادگار میں اس کی بنائی ہوئی روش پر چلتا رہے گا۔ تاکہ اس اختلاف آباد ہند کی اس آندھی میں دیانرائن کا یہ دیا جلتا رہے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۴۲ء)
This article explores the motives of the human believing behaviour. The author postulates that to believe in God is natural and not to believe is a deviation from the true and pure human nature. This fact has, also, been admitted by many philosophers, psychologists and geneticists. A brief debate with reference to philosophy, anthropology, psychology and genetics has been presented to have a review the opinions of some eminent philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists about the believing behavior of the human nature. The traces of the religiosity of the primitive tribes without exception are a further evidence for the said fact. Some evidences have been presented from history and also from the examples of some living primitive tribes of Australia and Africa to accentuate the stance that to believe in God is a natural, innate, instinctual motive in the human nature. Author also quotes certain verses from the Qur’an to confirm the conformity of the historical, philosophical, psychological and genetical facts and findings with the Qur’anic stance about the believing behaviour of the human nature. The motives behind human behaviour in believing God are counted by the author as: rationality, anxiousness for God and the Life hereafter, Love of God, Affiliation with the native culture, Influence and Inspiration, Religion: A Remedy or Solution and Preaching in Terms of addresses.
The purpose of the study was to explore the current practices of School Development Plan (SDP) in a private co-education English medium secondary school in Karachi, because I belong to a private school system myself, and this study will help me to see the common practices and enable me to apply the learning of this study in my own context. To achieve its purpose, the study investigated perceptions of different stakeholders, the process of planning, its implementations, challenges and the facilitating factors of planning and implementation. A qualitative research method was used for the in-depth study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, informal talks and observations of classroom, meetings, staff-room, observations and informal gatherings and events that took place during the research period. The study found out that different stakeholders have different perceptions of planning. These perceptions depend on their position in hierarchy. People at higher level have a broader view of planning, whereas at a lower level, it becomes narrower. Also, the school is practicing three types of planning: verbal, single and retroactive planning. Retroactive planning is done at the top administration level and single planning is done at the principal's level; however, the teachers' and the coordinators' involvement in planning is seen in the planning of their assigned tasks. The process of planning is non-participatory. It is prepared by minimal involvement of other stakeholders. No explicit vision was seen but the implicit vision, which focuses on spiritual development of students. Two leadership styles were observed in the planning process the single plan at the principal level autocratic, because the plan is made by the principal and distributive' because the teachers and coordinators are involved in planning at the classroom level. Further, the lack of personal expertise for planning and implementation, lack of resources, hierarchal structure of school and workload are seen as hindrance for planning in school. School development planning plays an important role in the school improvement. SDP is a blueprint which is used as a roadmap for planning in the schools to organize and control the activities and resources and to ensure the effectiveness of its function.