تفسیر‘‘محاسن التاویل’’ میں جلال الدین قاسمی کے منہج کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.

Merciful Effect of Process Parameters on Ceramic-Ceramic Joints

The role of process parameters; time, temperature and applied pressure, in fabricating ceramic-ceramic joints with a metallic interlayer through pressure assisted air brazing in a purpose built furnace has been studied. The focus has been mainly on the alumina-alumina bonds prepared with pure aluminum interlayer. However some samples were also prepared with various aluminum-silicon alloys, pure copper and nickel plated copper interlayer. To broaden the application of the developed technique, samples prepared with nickel plated copper interlayer were also studied in some detail. The furnace was designed and fabricated in such a way that it was possible to apply an accurate load upto 30 MPa with the help of a lever mechanism. The temperature range employed during experimentation was 700-1150oC, while the holding time was varied from 15 to 240 minutes. The joints were tested for their flexural strength through four point bend test. Asjoined samples were studied through optical and scanning electron microscopy for integrity of the interface as well as changes in thickness of the interlayer. The selected fractured samples were studied through scanning electron microscopy to correlate the improvement in the strength with the changes in interface. It was observed that the application of the pressure during the brazing process greatly reduced the holding time as well as the processing temperature for a given joint strength. It was further observed that in the joints prepared under applied loads, it was possible to obtain joint strength which was many times higher than the maximum obtainable in samples prepared under comparable holding time, temperature and atmospheric conditions but with no applied load.