باراں ماہ
(باراں ماہ ہک بیت وچ)
چیتر چائ، وساکھ نوں وس کوئی نہ، جیٹھ جان ہاری وچ ہاڑیاں دے
ہڑاں ہاڑ آئیاں، ساون سانجھ کوئی نہ، بھادوں بھاہ ہوئے ہجر ساڑیاں دے
اسوج آس مکی، کتیں کار بھلے، مگھر ماری گئی وچ پواڑیاں دے
پوہ پیش آئیاں ماگھ مصیبتاں نی، پھگن پھٹ حنیف کوہاڑیاں دے
Islam is the full code of life that not only provides guidance to its followers but also is a source of growth for each and every one who has soul. Islam emphasizes on formation of an exemplary society. Basic unit of each society is dependent upon the family system. If family system is inspired with good and healthy values, then the resulting society will certainly be brightened with brilliance of the righteous values. Family and affiliation with family is a natural need for humanity. Since Islam is the nature, therefore it provides us full guidance about the family system and its importance in our whole life. Islam emphasizes on family strengthening and stability. The importance of family relationships and relations with the relatives has also been mentioned in the holy Qur’an. Family is referred as “Usrah” in Arabic, which means being bound or connected. Strongest castle is also known as “Usrah” in Arabic, where members within a family remain united and connected together with strong bonding among them. Keeping in view the needs of a family, Islam has described the fundamental principles related to family system in a very narrative way. Moreover, mutual responsibilities towards each other and other rights have also been mentioned explicitly. Even Islam has emphasized on showing generous compassion, sympathy and providing legal rights to one another. While some of the issues have been left mainstream which people within a society consider good and don’t even contradict the principles of Islam. One such issue is the family system. What should be the nature of family? Is it all in living within one family or in a separate family system? There are two types of family systems in Sharia; Joint and separate family systems. The conditions and circumstances which better suit in an environment with good effects on family as well as society should better be adapted. But it should be kept in mind that the western concept of separate family (wife, children and one’s own-self) being presented today is not an Islamic concept. For explaining these aspects, the present article will focus on “what is the basic concept and Impacts of joint and separate family systems in Islam? And what are the impacts of these family systems on the society (economic, social and psychological)
The study was descriptive in nature dealt with comparative analysis of MPhil/PhD Education Programmes in Public & Private Sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The population of the study was all twenty five (25) recognized universities of KP province at present. The sample was purposively selected from both sectors universities and the reason was that all universities did not have MPhil/PhD programmes in Education. Total Six (06) Universities (03 from public and 03 from private sectors) were the sample of the study. The research objectives were: (1) to make a comparative analysis of MPhil/ PhD Education programmes of selected universities in KP in terms of input process and output. (2) To explore the weaknesses and strengths of MPhil/ PhD Education programmes & (3) to make viable recommendations for improvement and strengthening of the MPhil/PhD programmes of these universities. The study intended to find out the answers to these research questions: (1) what are the current practices in both public and private sector universities in MPhil/PhD Education programmes? (2) What are the strengths and weaknesses in MPhil/PhD Education programmes in sampled universities? & (3) what recommendations the study can make for the improvement of these programmes? Tools used for data collection were questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were used for academicians and research scholars, while interviews were conducted from the Chairman Department of Education, Controller of Examinations and Registrars of the sampled universities. The major findings were: that all the sampled universities have all the basic requirements, human resources and other required facilities for MPhil/PhD Programmes as per Higher Education Commission guidelines. The administration of all sampled universities did not take required interest in conducting seminars, workshops and conferences to develop research culture and skills of the research scholars. The problems of internal politics and grouping in both sectors universities were visible which resulted in delaying of approval of synopses from the boards of research committee. Teachers did not work properly on different aspects of research and report writing in the class for improving the quality of research. The study concluded that Public sector universities were performing slightly better than private sector universities in terms of appointment; staff promotion; staff facilities; provision of financial assistance; relations with HEC, provision of scholarships to scholars and faculty, and College affiliation. A significant difference among these universities in terms of research was noted. The research supervision process was quick and fast in private sector universities as compared to public sector universities. The study recommended that: Private universities research scholars should be provided HEC scholarships for encouragements. The curriculum at MPhil and PhD levels should be upgraded and may be made compatible to the developed countries. Research related workshops and seminars should be conducted on regular basis. Promotion of faculty members may be made on the basis of research publication and research supervisions. The teaching learning environment at universities level may be made students friendly. The universities administrative and teaching staff may be made free from malpractices, nepotisms and favoritisms. Staff hiring may be made transparent.