ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری
ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری میرے مخلص اور عزیز دوست تھے، مجھے ان کے انتقال کی خبر بہت دیر سے ملی، وہ علی گڑھ مولانا آزاد لائبریری میں ڈپٹی لائبریرین تھے، وہاں جاتا تو مطلوبہ کتابیں فوراً حاضر کرتے اور چائے سے خاطر تواضع کرتے، اصرار کرکے گھر بلاتے اور پرتکلف دعوت کرتے، خدابخش لائبریری کے ڈائریکٹر ہوکر وہ پٹنہ گئے تو اسے ترقی دینے کے لئے متعدد کام کئے اور کئی سمینار کرائے جن میں مجھے مدعو کرتے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہوکر علی گڑھ آئے تو مولانا حسین احمد مدنیؒ پر ایک سمینار کا پروگرام بنایا مگر وہ نہ ہوسکا، ضیاء الدین صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا اور وہ اچھے منتظم بھی تھے، کئی کتابیں لکھیں لیکن اشاریہ نگار کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے اپنا خاص سکہ جمایا، وہ بڑے شریف، نیک طینت، خوش خلق اور مرنجان مرنج شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں جنت نعیم عطا کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۲۰۰۷ء)
Arabian Peninsula was famous for its language expertise and linguistic expressions at the time of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The poets and language experts would spend most of their lives to attain excellence in Arabic language and literature. It was during such time that a man named Muhammad (ﷺ) emerged, whose linguistic expression was remarkable, accurate and amazing. He was also quite familiar with the dialects and accents of every tribe of Arabia. It was the surprising effect of this linguistic excellence that people tagged him with different titles such as Poet, Sorcerer, Kāhin (soothsayer), Majnūn (One possessed by Jinn), and insane man with insane message. Allah Almighty revealed Qur’ānic verses not only to answer such allegations but also entrusted him to present commentary of the Holy Qur’ān to the people who would called him illiterate. This article will try to find out the Qur’ānic commentary on the linguistic expressions of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as a miracle of revelation. The method of research is descriptive analytical and historical. The discussion of verses of Qur’ān and the explanations of the experts of Qur’ān through the comments of orientalists have been included to support the arguments. First Part of the paper discusses status of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as an illiterate man with his remarkable linguistic expressions of Qur’ān due to which he was awarded different titles such as poet, sorcerer and insane. The second part explains the Qur’ānic response to accusations on Prophet (ﷺ) raised by the opponents. In the third part, some intellectual arguments of Qur’ān and opinions of orientalist have been discussed to support the Qur’ānic responses in favor of linguistic expressions of an “Ummi” Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) which is followed by findings and conclusion of the whole discussion.
Two series of substituted guanidines (a 1 -a 32 & b 1 -b 32 ) and their copper(II) complexes of general formula [κ 2 (O, N)-C 6 H 5 CONHC(NHR 1 )NR 2 ] 2 Cu(II) where, R 1 = phenyl (A 1 - A 32 ), 2-chlorophenyl (B 1 -B 32 ) and R 2 = alkyl/aryl groups, have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear ( 1 H and 13 C) NMR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Single crystal XRD was used for structural elucidation of some of the synthesized guanidine ligands and their copper(II) complexes. Based on the single crystal X-ray analysis most of the synthesized guanidine ligands were stabilized by intermolecular as well as intramolecular hydrogen bonding. All the complexes are mononuclear in solid state and copper adopts a regular square planar geometry with slight distortion in few cases, while N,N'',N"-trisubstituted guanidine ligands chelate the Cu(II) atom through oxygen and nitrogen with ligand to metal ratio 2:1. DFT studies have been used to assess the location of the protons in free ligands, however calculations have shown that in all cases, hydrogen bonding from either of the N-H groups gives conformations that are very similar in energy. The synthesized guanidines and their complexes were also screened for urease inhibition, antileishmanial, anticancer and antifungal activities. The complexes exhibited a better usease inhibition activity than the respective guanidines and compound A 7 was found to be the most active with IC 50 = 4.8 ± 0.05 μM (IC 50 for standard thiourea is 21.0 ± 0.1 μM). These compounds were also screened for their brine shrimp lethality assay, a 1 and A 28 were found to be more toxic with the ID 50 value 1.701 ppm. In potato disc antitumour assay guanidines and complexes have shown the excellent activity comparable with the vincristine, used as standard drug while, in vitro cytotoxicity against human cell lines carcinomas A498, EVSAT, H226, IGROV, M19, MCF-7 and WIDR these compounds show moderate cytotoxicity against these cell lines as compared to the standard chemotherapeutic drugs. These compounds were also tested for antifungal and antileishmanial activities and show moderate to good antifungal activity but no significant antileishmanial activity.