تحفظ حقوقِ نسواں ایکٹ کا شرعی و قانونی نقطہ نظر سے تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Islam is a complete code of life and provides the rights to every class of the human beings. Women rights is a kind of such basic rights which were not bothered in the world but Islam provided it to this gender in its ancient age. So many enactments have been made in Pakistan at federal and provincial level. “Punjab Protection of Women Against Violence Act 2016” will be main study of this research article in which. This act was passed rapidly without any detailed discussion on it, so is the reason that it bears so may deficiencies in it. Implementation of this act will surely cause to create the internal problems in family life and will destroy the family system of the era. Some provisions of this act are repugnant to Islamic teachings as well as to ethical norms which make the husband helpless, notorious and such sinful and criminal person who has no right of honor and respect in the society and this will become a permanent document of dishonor which will affect his person as well as his whole family. These main points of this Act will be analyzed in sharia perspective in this research paper.

Impact of Deep Versus Awake Laryngeal Mask Airway Removal on Airway Complications in Spontaneously Breathing Adult Patients Following Isoflurane General Anesthesia.

Background: The Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is one of several supra-glottic airway management devices used in anaesthesia. The scope of use of the LMA is progressively expanding to areas previously contraindicated, for instance laparoscopy and prone position surgery. Certain aspects of LMA use remain unsettled. Whether to remove the LMA when a patient is “awake” vs “deep” following anaesthesia is one such area. The manufacturer Ambu® recommends that the AuraOnce™ LMA be removed once the patient is fully awake and protective airway reflexes are active. Despite this, several studies have shown benefit in removal of the LMA while a patient is “deep” (anaesthetized). Current evidence is inconclusive as to which approach is preferable and safer in adults. Primary Objective: To compare the impact of having LMA removal deep versus awake on the occurrence of airway complications following general anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing adult patients using Isoflurane as the sole volatile agent. Secondary Objective: To compare the impact of deep versus awake LMA removal on anaesthesia theatre turn-around time. Primary outcome measure(s): Airway complication(s), defined as; one or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less on pulse oximetry. Secondary outcome measure(s): Time to theatre exit Study Setting: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Study Design: A prospective randomized control trial (open). Sample size: A sample size of 116 participants, 58 in each arm. Study population: ASA I and II patients aged 18-65 years scheduled for theatre for low to moderate risk, non-emergent surgery. Procedure: 116 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. A standard anaesthesia protocol was used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. For the deep arm; The LMA was removed at the end of surgery after attaining an end tidal minimum alveolar concentration of Isoflurane of 1.15%. Occurrence of airway complication(s) (One or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less on pulse oximetry) was noted until the subject was fully awake (appropriate response to command) in the post anaesthesia care unit. For the awake arm; The LMA was removed on attaining an end tidal minimum alveolar concentration of Isoflurane of <0.5% and an appropriate response to command or obtaining appropriate response to command irrespective of end tidal concentration. Occurrence of airway complication(s) (One or more of the following; Airway obstruction requiring airway manipulation; Laryngospasm; Desaturation to 90% or less