یہ کتاب پروفیسر عبد الحق کا تحقیقی مقالہ ہے جو انہوں نے پی ۔ایچ۔ ڈی کی ڈگری کے لیے لکھا تھا اور اس پر انہیں پی۔ ای ۔ڈی کی ڈگری تفویض ہوئی تھی۔ پروفیسر عبدالحق نے اپنا یہ مقالہ ڈاکٹر محمود الٰہی کی نگرانی میں مکمل کیا تھا۔ (2) یہ کتاب ان کے تحقیقی مقالے کا ایک جزوہے۔ ان کا پورا مقالہ ہنوز منتظر اشاعت ہے۔ اس کتاب کی خاص بات یہ ہے کہ یہ اقبال کےاس کلام پر مشتمل ہے جب اقبال سفر یورپ کے لیے روانہ ہوئے تھے۔ اقبال کو اس کلام کی روشنی میں دیکھنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ اس کتاب کا نقش اول مارچ 1969ء میں سامنے آیا۔ (3)
Allah has created human being and gave him the power of intellectual understandings. To utilize and make positive use of this Allah sent Holy books for guidance. While, keeping the sequence of these books and the historical evolution of human mind, one can easily recognize the symmetrical progress in both. Human starts living in caves and through his intelligence created homes to live, tools to gain meal, and so on, till todays growth. As far as, evolution of Holy books is considered, Scriptures were revealed in different portions as human at that stage couldn’t write or store on pages or another source. Old Testament was revealed earlier. It is combination of Torah, Psalms and other books. In the context of Islam, Torah was the first book revealed on Hazrat Mosa, in which commandments were given as per the level of Bani Israel. Afterwards, Psalms, containing poetic way inspires Bani Israel after the Torah and the Bible Last Holy book in the generation of Israel, comprises of observational and experiential way, as required in that era. Holy Quran, compiled and final version of all the past version, is summary and elemental book. In which, descriptive, observational, experiential, poetic, logical, argumentative and comprehensive technique are present. These all shows, ultimate intellectual growth of human is being address in Holy Quran. As Human is now intellectually at its peak so the teaching and techniques used are at highest level of literature, showing the step by step evolution and association of Holy books with Human being.
Fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) have been prepared from peanut and almond shells by co-precipitation method. The characterization of the prepared materials were carried out via different techniques such as BET/BJH surface area, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and point zero charge (PZC). The SEM, XRD and FTIR results indicated the existence of iron oxide as adsorbate materials on the surface of MCNC. The BET surface area of peanut and almond MCNC are 112.45 and 74.99 m2g-1 respectively and BJH pore size distribution are 66.80 and 61.08 m2g-1 respectively, whereas, the total pore volume and pore diameter of both MCN are 0.068 and 0.073 cm3g-1 and 14.95 and 15.55 Ao respectively. The FTIR spectra of MCNC shows the surface functional groups such as carboxylic acid, phenols and ether groups.The bands at the 580 cm-1 for FeO. The pHpzc of peanut and almond MCNC were found to be 7.8 and 7.7 respectively.The removal of surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide (CDEAB), Triton-x 100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from wastewater were investigation by using fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) adsorbent. During equilibration process of adsorption, the equilibrium was established with one hour for all surfactants. From the adsorption kinetics of surfactants it was concluded that the process of adsorption was initially fast up to 10 minutes and then slow down. The kinetic parameters were recorded initially for both 1st, 2nd order pseudo kinetics, power function, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models. Pseudo 2nd order kinetics and Intraparticle diffusion models were found best fits to the adsorption kinetics data. Moreover the contact time, pH effect, ionic strength, adsorbent quantity, initial concentration and temperature on MCNC adsorption were performed. Interestingly after the adsorption process methanol, sodium hydroxide and distillated water use to regenerate the MCNC. Different thermodynamic parameters like rate constant (K), ∆?°, ∆?° and ∆?° were determined using the Van’t Hoff equation. Adsorption isotherm study for CTAB, CDEAB, Triton-x 100 and SDS on MCNC were also investigated. Different linear model were used for knowing the adsorption phenomenon such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Jovanovich. Freundlich and jovanovich equation was found best fitted to the adsorption data. Modified enhanced permeate flux (J) as well as percent retention of surfactants were investigated through crossbreed pilot plant membrane process i.e. MCNC/UF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ultrafiltration), MCNC/NF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/nanofiltration) and MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ reverse osmosis). The 100 percent removal of surfactants was achieved through MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/reverse osmosis) membrane.