مقصد حیات
ہم جو بھی پڑھتے ہیں اس سے متاثر ضرور ہوتے ہیں۔اسی طرح ناول نگار بھی کسی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتاہے اور جس زندگی کی عکاسی کر رہا ہوتا ہے وہ مقصد سے خالی نہیں ہوتی۔ناول نگار قاری کیاحساسات کے بارے میں آگاہ ہوتا ہے۔اس لیے وہ انسانی نفسیات کو سمجھتے ہوئے ایک کہانی تخلیق کرتا ہے۔ایک استاد کی طرح اپنی بات کو قاری کے ذہن تک پہنچانے کا مقصد صرف اور صرف یہ ہوتا ہے کہ ایک خاص قسم کا فلسفہ اس کے ذہن میں زبردستی ڈالا جاتا ہے۔
ناول نگار نے بھی ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔ وہ اپنی اس کہانی کے ذریعے ہمیں کرپشن اور ملک سے غداری کرنے والوں کو بینقاب کررہے ہیں۔وہ سیکس انڈسٹری کی ایک واضح تصویر اور اس کے نتائج کو ہمارے سامنے پیش کررہے ہیں جوکہ ایک عمدہ قدم ہے۔یقیناًنو لکھی کوٹھی کے بعد ناطق کا یہ دوسرا انتہائی شاندار ناول ہے جو یاد رکھے جانے کے قابل ہوگا۔ہر موڑ قاری کو ایک نئی راہ سے متعارف کروارہا ہے شوبز کی دنیا ایک جھانسہ ہے۔ہمارے معاشرے میں چلتے پھرتے لوگوں کے بارے میں خلاصہ کیاگیا ہے۔جائیداد کا لالچ تو ایک الگ بات ،اس پہ نسل در نسل بات پر اس طرح مٹی ڈال دی جاتی ہے کہ وہ ایک معمہ بن جائے اور حل نہ ہوپائے۔ناطق نے بہت ہی جانب داری کا مظاہرہ کیا ہے اور محسوسات کے مطابق ایک مقصدی کہانی لکھی ہے۔
The present study was conducted to probe the role of religion in mate selection among educated females of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from 278 working women from three public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. The University of Agriculture, University of Peshawar and Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. Simple random method was applied to pick the samples from the study area whereas chi-square statistics was applied to get the major findings. Results reveal a contradictory type of situation as on the one hand, religion particularly the rituals were strictly followed during marriage but on the other hand, the mate selection rights of women were ignored mainly. This is practiced despite of the fact that Islam has given right/liberty in mate selection to both men and women. Female respondents attributed it to lack of Islamic knowledge on part of family members or they do it to get more say and power through following common values and culture. Religious leaders do not lay much stress on the rights given by Islam to females in mate selection in their religious sermons. The issue according to respondents was not discussed either. Females on their part, though found interested in mates from their own sect or religious groups preferred liberal males over conservative ones because believing them to be stern and inflexible. The study recommends that an awareness campaign through mass media which may include religious leaders, civil society and political parties needs to be launched in order to raise awareness among both the educated and uneducated females along with their parents regarding mate selection, the nature and impact of religious misinterpretations, and current wave of western values, materialistic outlook and idealism that affects the selected females perception about mate selection.
Present study involves determination of arsenic in drinking water samples from different tehsils of district Sheikhupura along with the analysis of hair and blood samples of females of 15-25 years of age. Biological samples of males of same age group were also analyzed as control. Blood hormonal level of LH and FSH was measured in both groups whereas estradiol and testosterone was detected in females and males respectively using ELISA technique. AAS method was employed to measure arsenic in water, hair and blood. Questionnaire was designed for assessment of socioeconomic and general health status of the study group. The data was statistically analyzed for comparison and correlation. Majority of respondents belonged to lower socioeconomic group and had different health problems. Among 500 drinking water samples only 8.6% were within the WHO limit and only 50.6 % of the total samples were within NDWQS limit. The drinking water of tehsils Sheikhupura and Sharaqpur had higher arsenic as compared to other tehsils (64.25±2.55 µg/L and 61.63 ± 2.73µg/L) respectively and was highest in all hand pump water (71.14± 2.6µg/L). Arsenic concentration in hair was highest in 23-25 years females (1.62±0.10µg/g) and among the residents of tehsil Sheikhupura (1.40±0.12 µg/g) and those using hand pump water (1.31±0.14 µg/g). Similarly the highest mean value of blood arsenic was observed in the age group of 23-25 years (3.2 ±0.23 µg/L) and being highest among respondents of tehsil Sheikhupura. The same trend was noted in male group. Positive correlation (r=1.0) was found between arsenic in drinking water and biological samples with respect to area, age and water sources. In general FSH level in females was within reference range whereas LH was found in lower concentration in some areas. Estradiol was lower in follicular and luteal phase of the respondents from Sharaqpur and Sheikhupura suggesting possible exposure of arsenic. LH and FSH in males were in normal range and testosterone showed variability with reference to age. The results of this study evidently suggest that the presence of arsenic in drinking water is likely to affect general metabolism and its accumulation in biological tissues. This appears to be linked with the exposure of variable magnitude and duration. The results of this study provide enough data for future studies regarding water contamination and health effects also warrant urgency for preventive measures to reduce possible effects.