آغا وفا ابدالی
آغا وفا ابدالی (۱۹۲۹ئ۔۱۹۹۸ئ) کا اصل نام آغا ابو الحیات خان ابدالی تھا۔ آپ پٹنہ (عظیم آباد) کے ایک علمی گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آغا وفا ابدالی نے نواب سراج دین خان سائل دہلوی(جو داغ ؔدہلوی کے داماد تھے) کے آگے زانوئے تلمذ طے کیا۔(۷۶۵) قیام پاکستان سے پہلے آپ کلکتہ سے شائع ہونے والے ہفت روزہ ’’چونچ‘‘ کی مجلسِ ادارت میں شامل تھے۔ آپ ہندوستان میں دہلی کے روزنامہ ’’وحدت‘‘ اور ’’انصاری‘‘ میں بھی فکاہیہ کالم لکھتے رہے۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد آغا وفا ابدالی نے پسرور میں مستقل سکونت اختیار کی۔ آپ روزنامہ ’’روشنی‘‘،’’کراچی‘‘،روزنامہ ’’انجام‘‘ کراچی ’’نوائے وقت ‘‘،لاہور ،’’کوہستان ‘‘،لاہور اور ’’سفینہ‘‘ لاہور سے بھی منسلک ہوئے اور ان میں کالم لکھتے رہے۔آپ نے پسرور سے شائع ہونے والے ہفت روزہ ’’نوائے پسرور ‘ ‘ کی بھی ادارت سنبھالی ۔(۷۶۶)
’’غبار دل‘‘ آغا وفا کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ہے جس کی پہلی اشاعت ۱۹۹۳ء میں پرفیکٹا پبلشرز لاہورسے ہوئی۔ اس میں قطعات کی تعداد ۲۵۲ ،۳ غزلیں اور ۴ نظمیں شامل ہیں۔ ’’شرار دل‘‘ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے۔ جسے ادبی سبھا پسرور نے ۱۹۹۴ء کو شائع کیا۔ اس میں قطعات کی تعداد ۱۷۲ ،۲ نظمیں اور ۱۲ غزلیں شامل ہیں۔ ’’بہار دل‘‘ آغا وفا کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جسے ادبی سبھا پسرور نے ۱۹۹۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ اس میں ۳۲ قطعات ،۹ غزلیں اور ۲۷ متفرق اشعار شامل ہیں۔
آغا وفا ابدالی بیسویں صدی کا ایک ایسا شاعر ہے جس کی شاعری پاکستان کی آپ بیتی معلوم ہوتی ہے۔ آغا وفا طنز و مزاح کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے عہد کی بربادی پر خون کے آنسو بہاتا ہوا دکھائی دیتاہے۔ ان کی شاعری کا غالب حصہ قطعات پر مشتمل ہے۔
ہندوستان میں عہد غلامی کی دہکتی داستاں آغا وفا ابدالی کے سامنے تھی ۔جس کے سامنے بھیانک مناظر کو آغا وفا...
With the start of the codification of Muslim Personal Law in the Muslim countries, the question of exclusion and deprivation of orphan grand-children of the deceased from heir ship has gained importance. Bringing of section 4 on statute book was the result of the recommendations of the Commission on Marriage and Family Laws 1956. It was based on so-called ijtihād which caused confusion in the Islamic law of inheritance. Hence by declaring the section 4 repugnant to the injunctions of Islam, the Federal Shariʻat Court observed that the concept of “compulsory will” is an appropriate alternate to this problem. The court explains that making a will in favor of orphan grandchildren out of an estate of grandparents to the extent of one third would be very plausible solution to meet the socio- economic problem. The article aims to elaborate the concept of making of a will specially wasiyat wajiba in favor of orphan grandchildren. Various juristic opinions, rulings and legislation of Muslim countries have been analyzed in this regard. Majority of jurists are of the opinion that the making of will in the said case is only recommended and not mandatory. However according to some jurists it is mandatory. In this condition the legislative body may take steps to amend the law so as to bring the said provision in conformity with the injunctions of Islam.
The present study on the morphology of human olfactory mucosa was carried out with emphasis on its regional distribution, and changes related with age and gender. Eighty tissue samples (forty for either sex) were collected from cadavers ranging from 30 to 82 years of age, available in the mortuary of King Edward Medical College, Lahore. Individual age groups of males and females included 10 specimens from each sex. The histological study of the mucosa included morphology, regional distribution, quantitative analysis of all four major types of epithelial cells, height of epithelium and thickness of lamina propria in the roof, medial and lateral walls of both nasal cavities. A detailed study of the epithelium revealed the presence of classically known three cells: olfactory cells, sustentacular cells and basal cells and a fourth type, microvillar cells. In the age group 30-39 years (male and female) the mucosa was seen in the roof lying next to cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and extending on both sides of the nasal septum and on the lateral walls of both nasal cavities. At places the respiratory epithelium was seen in the area of the olfactory epithelium which was much thicker. In the age group of 40-49 years, early age related changes were observed in the shape of occasional short epithelial invaginations, and disturbance of the zonal distribution of olfactory and supporting cells. In the age group 50-59 years, major morphological changes were observed like substantial reduction in the number of nuclei resulting in decreased height of the epithelium, disturbance of zonal distribution and presence of epithelial invaginations. The age group of 60 years onwards showed gradual thinning of the epithelium, epithelial invaginations, and in few cases atrophied olfactory epithelium devoid of olfactory cells. ANOVA showed significant age related decrease in the number of olfactory and sustentacular cells and in the height of the olfactory epithelium among the male and female groups. There was no significant age related decrease in the number of basal cells and thickness of the lamina propria. The number of microvillar cells was markedly less when compared to other cells of the epithelium. These results suggest that loss of olfactory and sustentacular cells becomes pronounced in individuals of both sexes of 50+ years of age. The results of the present study suggest that the reduction in the number of olfactory receptors and in the height of neuroepithelium with advancing age is associated iiwith impairment of olfactory sensibility. There was no evidence of significant sex related differences in the olfactory mucosa. These results are in the accordance with the previous observations in humans and other mammals showing a decline in the olfactory capacity with aging, mostly attributable to a decline in the number of olfactory cells. Contrary to earlier observations, the present study did not reveal any conclusive evidence that females had an increased sense of smell based on histological observations alone.