" جب تمہیں اپنے آپ کو بلند کرنے کی خواہش ہوتی ہے تو تم نظر اوپر اٹھاتے یوں۔۔مگر میں نیچے دیکھتا ہوں کیوں کہ میں بلندی پر ہوں ۔ تم میں سے کون ہے جو ایک ساتھ ہنسے بھی اور بلندی پر بھی ہو ۔ جو سب سے اونچے پہاڑوں پر چڑھتا ہے وہ ہر ایک غم ناک کھیل اور غم آلود سنجیدگی پر ہنستا بھی ہے "
اردو ادب میں ایسے بہت سے لکھنے والے گزرے ہیں جن کا لکھا ہوا کہانی سے پر ہوتا تھا کہانی پن ہی ان کی پہچان اور شناخت تھی مگر جیسے جیسے وقت گزرتا گیا دن مہینوں میں ، مہینے سالوں میں سال صدیوں میں تبدیل ہوئے تو لکھنے کے تقاضوں میں بھی تبدیلی آئی۔اکیسویں صدی انقلاب کی صدی ہے ایسا ہرگز نہیں کہ ایک انقلابی نعرہ لگایا اور انقلاب برپا ہوگیا بلکہ صدیوں سے آزاد ذہنوں نے اس کی آبیاری کی ہے تب جا کر یہ آزادی کی گھڑیاں میسر آئی ہیں ۔ ہر دور کا ادب اپنے الگ تقاضے اور رجحان رکھتا ہے مگر ان میں جو مشرک چیز ہے وہ ہے فنکار کا تخیل جس فنکار کے تخیل کے گھوڑے جتنے بے لگام ہوں گے وہ اتنا ہی بڑا فنکار ہوگا بشرطیکہ وہ لفظوں کی فسوں کاری سے واقف بھی ہو۔
احمد ندیم قاسمی ایک جگہ لکھتے ہیں :
" ہمارے ذق فن کا اصرار ہے کہ اگر فن کار حس کار نہیں تو وہ فن کار نہیں ۔ "
اس سے مراد ہے کہ فن کار اردگرد کی چیزوں کو چار چار آنکھوں سے دیکھتا ہے ایک عام انسان کے لیے راستے میں آنے والی جھاڑیاں رکاوٹ کا باعث ہیں مگر ایک فن کار اس سے زندگیوں کو بن رہا ہوتا ہے یہ ہی ذوق جمال ہے ۔
ایک فن کار اگر ایک...
Previous literature reveals diverse aspects of Balāghah (Arabic Rhetoric) and Majāz (figurative language), but very scanty literature exists on the evolution of both Balāghah and Majāz in Arabic language. This paper attempts to take an exhaustive review the existing literature in order to find out the stages and the factors which helped in the evolution of Balāghah and Majāz. The review reveals that the factors for development of Balāghah in Arabic language and rhetoric are figures of profane literature and their modification, evolution from oral tradition to written tradition, doctrine of ᾽I‛cjāz, doctrine of laḥn and Greek literature. The review also revealed the gradual evolution of Majāz through various stages which culminated in the works of Al-Jurjāni (d.471). The paper argues that Arabic rhetoric has remained stagnant since Al-Jurjāni, and it needs innovation in light of modern linguistic theories. This paper is a modest contribution to the literature on Arabic rhetoric and Majāz which may help the researchers working on Arabic rhetoric and metaphor, but it would recommend further research of classical and modern literature in order to achieve more insights on the evolution and development of Arabic rhetoric
The objective of the study was to compare serum calcidiol level of selected weightlifters and powerlifters in anticipation of the experimentation by ingesting Cholecalciferol 50000 IU (D-ZAK50) and comparing their bone and muscle health with lifting best total by pre test - post test research design. In this study, sample of two hundred (n=200) elite class weightlifters (n=100) and powerlifters (n=100) were selected from prominent clubs of four major cities of Punjab province viz Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Sialkot because players from these cities have contributed at national and international level in weightlifting and powerlifting sport. Willingness was obtained from selected players through consent proformas was followed by pre test of their lifting best total and serum calcidiol level (Avg. 19.66 ng/ml). After obtaining pre test results all players were categorized into three groups (A, B and C) on the basis of their vitamin D3 level. Players in these groups were given D-ZAK50 once per week upto two months. A post test (mid term) was conducted after two months in which increase in players’ lifting best total with Avg. %age 3.94 (r2=.99), 3.99 (r2=.99) and 3.91 (r2=.99) of weightlifting Groups A, B and C respectively where as in powerlifting 2.39 (r2=.99), 2.36 (r2=1.00) and 2.22 (r2=.99) of Groups A, B and C respectively. There was an increase in players’ Serum calcidiol level (Avg. %age 54.88 (r2=.86), 25.10 (r2=.95) and 19.19 (r2=.11) of weightlifting Group A, B and C respectively where as in powerlifting 51.78 (r2=.86), 24.49 (r2=.94) and 17.47 (r2=.06) of Group A, B and C respectively after post test (mid term). There after they were once again treated with D-ZAK50 (Cholecalciferol 50000 IU) under the supervision of certified physicians and pharmacists by further segregating each group into two as A1 & A2, B1 & B2, and C1 & C2 where the participants of group A1, B1 and C1 were orally given D-ZAK50 and A2, B2 and C2 were treated as placebo once per week upto two months. After two months readings of vitamin D3 level and lifting best total of the players were recorded as post test (final term) results. The paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant increase in serum calcidiol level of all players treated with D-ZAK50 in post test (mid term) and post test (final term) with an improvement in lifting best total for both sports weightlifting and powerlifting at both levels in comparison to players treated with placebo. In post test (final term) of weightlifting, there was momentous increase (%age) in serum calcidiol level of 26.95 (r2=.98), 25.58 (r2=.91) and 15.13 (r2=.98) in Groups A1, B1 and C1 with a meaningful improvement in lifting best total of 1.94% (r2=1.00), 1.88% (r2=1.00) and 1.76% (r2=1.00) respectively treated with D-ZAK50. However, on the other hand, minor decrease (%age) was noted in serum calcidiol level of 0.10 (r2=.97), 0.8 (r2=.99) and 1.71 (r2=1.00) in Groups A2, B2 and C2 with a minor decrease in lifting best total of 0.07% (r2=.99), 0.23% (r2=.99) and 0.76% (r2=.99) in Groups A2, B2 and C2 respectively treated with placebo. In post test (final term) of powerlifting, there was noteworthy increase (%age) in serum calcidiol level of 26.73 (r2=.99), 26.10 (r2=.88) and 13.50 in Groups A1, B1 and C1 respectively with an increase (%) in lifting best total of 1.20 (r2=.99), 1.21 (r2=.99) and 0.79 in Groups A1, B1 and C1 respectively to players given with D-ZAK50 but on the other hand, there was minor decrease (%age) in serum calcidiol level of 0.31% (r2=.99), 0.23% (r2=.99) and 2.13% (r2=1.00) in Groups A2, B2 and C2 respectively with a slight decline in lifting best total of 0.07% (r2=.99), 0.07% (r2=.99) and 0.79% (r2=.99) in Groups A2, B2 and C2 respectively treated with placebo. In Groups A, B and C, changing pattern in serum calcidiol level (ng/ml) and lifting best total (kg) showed that deficient sample population (serum calcidiol level less than 20 ng/ml) improved more significantly than insufficient (serum calcidiol level between 20-32 ng/ml) and sufficient (serum calcidiol level more than 32 ng/ml). It was recommended that the study should be extended to wider sample with different exercise protocols. It was also recommended that the study should also be extended to young and female participants.