Discovery Learning Effect on Mathemathic Learning

This study aimed to improve the mathematics learning through the application of the Discovery Learning model with a scientific approach. The application of the Discovery Learning learning model with an effective scientific approach can increase the frequency of activeness and activities in the teaching and learning process according to the observations of student attitudes during the implementation of classroom action research. It showed that Student learning outcomes that are not entirely satisfactory are also caused by several factors, namely individual student factors, student environment and school environment.

Evaluation of Biological Properties of A-Tocopherol Acetate Loaded Bi-Layered Membranes in Wound Healing Applications and Skin Regeneration

With an increase in the demand for skin regeneration products, there is a noticeable increase in developing such materials that have novel properties, ability to heal wounds and to regenerate skin. It has also been observed that antioxidants play an important role in anti-inflammatory reactions, cellular proliferation and remodeling phase of wound healing. Keeping under consideration all of these factors, a novel a-tocopherol acetate/vitamin E (VE) loaded bi-layered electrospun membrane, based on lower polycaprolactone (PCL) layer and upper polylactic acid (PLA) layer, was fabricated through electrospinning. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro degradation studies, swelling studies and VE release studies were performed to check out the structural, physical and in vitro behavior of membranes. Biological properties of membranes were evaluated through cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion studies, live/dead cell assay and wound healing assay. SEM images showed that the average diameter of nanofibers ranged from 1um-6um while addition of VE changed the diameter and morphology of fibers. Bi-layered membranes showed significant swelling behavior through water uptake and membranes loaded with 30% VE showed 8.7% and 6.8% degradation in lysozyme and H2O2 respectively. 20% and 30% VE loaded membranes followed Kosmeyer-Peppas and first order drug release kinetics followed by non-fickian drug release kinetics. Membranes showed non-toxic behavior and supported cell proliferation via alamar blue assay, cell adhesion via SEM, cell viability via live/dead assay and wound healing by scratch assay. Results showed that large surface area of nanofibers, porous structure and biocompatible nature will provide potential application of these bi-layered electrospun membranes in wound healing.