اچانک ہی موٹی موٹی بوندوں نے پوکھر کی زندگی میں ہلچل سی مچادی۔لہروں نے انگڑائیاں لیں ۔ہواوں نے سرکشی سے بوندوں کو مہمیز کیا۔لیکن میں ویسے ہی اپنی نظریں فش راڈ کے کانٹے پر جمائےبیتھا رہا۔۔میری پشت کیلے کے پتوں سے پھسلتی ہوئ بوندوں سے گیلی ہوتی رہی۔ میں نے بےخیالی میں دایاں پاوں ٹخنوں تک پانی میں ڈالا۔پھر بایاں بھی ۔ایک بہتا ہوا سبز پتا میرے پاؤں پر پناہ لینے رک گیا۔۔میں اج اداس سب دنوں سے زیادہ تھا۔اداسی کا کوئی رنگ نہیں ہوتا ۔یہ کسی بھی لمحے آکر اپکو تنہا کردیتی ہے۔تنہا ہونے کا احساس تنہائی سے زیادہ درد دیتا ہے۔۔ا چانک فش راڈ کا کانٹا ہلا۔میں نے راڈ کھینچی مگر کوئی مچھلی نہیں پھنسی۔مچھلی اپنا کھانا کھا کر غائب ہوگئ تھی۔میں نے پھر ڈھیر سارا چارا بھرااور ہوا میں اچھال کر دور پانی میں پھینکا۔ ایک دائرہ سا بنا۔پھیلا ۔سمٹا اور پھر غائب ہو گیا۔
سامنے نیم کے درخت کے نیچے بیٹھا بلال اچانک زوروں سے چیخا
بھیا جی رہو پھنسی۔ ایک چمکتی ہوئ بڑی سی مچھلی ک ہی لمحوں کے لئے ہوا میں تڑپتی نظر آئ۔ سورج کی کرنیں اس پر مچل رہی تھیں ۔بلال نے اپنی پوری قوت سے ڈور کو اپنے قریب کھینچا اور مچھلی کو دونوں ہاتھوں سے دبوچ کراسکے گلپھڑے سے بنسی نکالی ۔خون کے چند قطرے ٹپکے۔پھر اس نے ایک بڑی بالٹی میں دوسری مچھلیوں کے ساتھ ڈال دیا۔کچھ دیر مچھلی بے بسی سے تڑپتی رہئ پھر ساکت ہوگئ۔
بھیا۔ اج بھی خالی ہاتھ ، ایک بھی نہیں پکڑی۔وہ تمسخرانہ انداز میں ہنسا۔
اپنی اپنی قسمت ہے بلو ۔اداس لہجے نے مجھے سرد کردیا ۔میں نے شکار کے سارے سامان لپیٹے۔چٹائی کے نیچے کاغز میں لپٹے چینی کو چیونٹیوں کے بل کے پاس ڈال کر اتھ گیااور اپنے اٹا چکی کی جانب چلا ۔میرے اگے بلو چھلکتی...
Allah Almighty has created abundance of natural resources(air, water, plants, animals) for the benefit of man. Air is considered one of the basic necessity for life on Earth. Air pollution is a major and serious problem of the contemporary world. Rapidly spreading large crowded cities, modern transport, installation of industries and thermal power stations are the main causes of air pollution. A large number of Industries, power-generating stations, construction projects, brick Kilns and toxic solid wastes are polluting the atmosphere badly. The transport like buses, trucks, auto rickshaws, airplanes and internal combustion engines are main sources of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and lead pollution in the air. The toxic gases, smog and smoke of industries are affecting humane, animal and plant life rapidly. Treatment devices are not installed in industries and brick kilns to remove harmful gases before releasing smoke into the atmosphere. This research work explores that Air pollution is the core issue of the entire world, which requires immediate action for removal of pollution from the air. Test results of air quality indicate that major part of Pakistani population is living at the risk of air pollution. Islam clearly commands each individual to avoid negative and destructive actions. This Study explores that Air pollution can be abated and minimized by adopting Islamic precautionary measures about air cleanliness.
Automotive industry has added the self-diagnostic features in vehicles to improve the reliability of vehicle. Research is being carried out to predict the faults that are going to occur in near future by the analysis of current values of vehicle variables. The presented work stressed on the application of Markov chains for the early detection of misfire fault in spark ignition engines. To define the states of Markov chains a novel hybrid model is presented to represent SI engine under steady state conditions. A survey of existing mathematical models of SI engine is provided. The hybrid model of SI engine was not widely studied area in the past. The proposed hybrid model with both continuous and discrete states is described in details. The basic assumption of modeling is that the cylinder contributing engine power is the basic active sub-component that provides power for useful work as well as to other cylinders that need power for compression, suction or exhaust. The cylinder providing power is considered as the active cylinder. The active cylinder is switched periodically in a cyclic manner. The continuous states of hybrid model are defined by considering each cylinder of SI engine as the sub-systems of hybrid model. The switching of active cylinder is considered as discrete state of hybrid model. The model is simulated to study the crankshaft speed fluctuations observed in SI engine. The simulation results are then verified experimentally on 1300 cc engine of a production vehicle from Honda by acquiring data using Data Acquisition Cards of National Instrument Inc. The properties of presented model are then studied and some results are established for onward stochastic analysis. The crankshaft speed fluctuation signal is analyzed using the properties of the proposed model and it is established that the peak values of observed speed during an ignition cycle is Gaussian and Markov. The peak value of crankshaft speed observed in each ignition cycle is associated with one of the cylinders or sub-systems. In this way four possible states are identified where ith state correspond to the peak value of crankshaft speed associated with ith sub-system of hybrid model. It is assumed that all states are equally probable when engine is healthy and that the fault would bias one of the states. The proposed novel fault detection algorithm identifies the biasing of a state by the calculation of Limiting State Probability of Markov Chains to indicate the fault. The data for both healthy and faulty engine condition is generated using hybrid model and analyzed using proposed fault detection method. The algorithm is finally verified experimentally by acquiring data from SI engine both under no fault condition and faulty condition and analyzing it for the existence of fault. The correctness of fault predicted by algorithm is mathematically analyzed using analysis similar to ROC analysis. In error analysis the fault is predicted using proposed algorithm and compared with the data observed experimentally to study the false positive events. The plot of analysis demonstrates the affectivity of algorithm.