The Rise of Greek Philosophy in the Muslim World and Imam Ghazali’s Tahafat-ul-Falasafah (An Analytical Study)

Imam al-Ghazali has criticized not the logical principles but their misuse and incompetence of philosophers. In addition, Imam al-Ghazali's objective position on philosophy and science in the objectives of the philosopher is highlighted that he had no problem with mathematics and in his view the difference in logic is actually the terminology. Imam al-Ghazali's personality has been debated in various contexts in the context of religion, philosophy and science, and even today new aspects of it keep coming to the fore. The reason for this is on the one hand Imam Sahib's intricate personality and on the other hand Imam Sahib's versatility. Modern studies have made Imam al-Ghazali an enemy of philosophy and science. Along with Orientalist wisdom, modern Islamic scholars also studied Imam al-Ghazali on the methodology of Enlightenment, due to which they too came to the same conclusion that Imam al-Ghazali is the biggest obstacle in the way of philosophy and science in Islamic civilization. Following in his footsteps, our traditionalist scholars now present Imam al-Ghazali as the victorious philosopher. No, but absorbed it. In this article, we have tried to make it clear that integration is a prominent element of Ghazali's philosophy of thought. Rejection of philosophy has become the identity of Imam Ghazali while passion for philosophy is a sign of his greatness of thought. Imam Ghazali's critique of Tahafat-ul-Falasfa defines the nature and scope of this critique. The main target of Imam Sahib's criticism was the theological conclusions of Muslim philosophers which contradicted the basic tenets of Islam. In addition, Imam al-Ghazali's objective position on philosophy and science in Maqasid al-Falasfa highlights that he had no problem with mathematics and in his view the difference in logic is in fact terminology. There is truth and falsehood in physics. We have to think about it. Yes, there is a lot of falsehood in theology. Imam al-Ghazali is the guarantor of the life of philosophy in theology. This article examines in detail the nature of the relationship between Imam al-Ghazali and philosophy, and how philosophy has influenced Imam Sahib's overall thought. The influence of philosophy on his theology, ethics, theology and principles of jurisprudence has been highlighted. At the same time, the effects of Imam Ghazali on philosophers and philosophers on Imam Ghazali are also presented with examples.

Synthesis, Characterization and Bioassay of Some Antimony V Organometallics

To better understand the biological/medicinal potential of the antimonial agents we synthesized complexes of pentavalent antimony with a variety of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acids of established biological importance. Different series of antimony(V) organometallics of the general formula [M(O 2 CR) 2 R'' 3 ], where M = Sb, R = pendent groups of carboxylate moiety, and R''= aryl, p-tolyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl and 2,5-dimethylphenyl. These complexes have been synthesized, purified and characterized by m.p., elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear ( 1 H, 13 C) NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structural analysis reveals that these complexes are mononuclear in solution and solid state. In these metallic species, the carboxylates ligands bind to the antimony(V) atom using oxygen atoms and occupy axial position.The spectroscopic data suggest that the ligands are attached to the central metal atom through oxygen atoms and achieve slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Some of the antimonials have also been initially examined for their leishmanicidal properties and shown significant activity against promastigotes and macrophages or primary human fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed spectrophotometrically at 550 nm with the reference wavelength of 630 nm. The complexes have been screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cell lines carcinomas A498 (renal), EVSA-T (breast), H226 (lung), IGROV (ovarian), M19 (melanoma-skin), MCF-7 (breast) and WIDR (colon). They show a good to moderate cytotoxicity against these seven human cancer cell lines in comparison to that of the less active standard chemotherapeutic drugs.