تمسکات میں سرمایہ کاری اور اس کی شرعی حیثیت تحقیقی وتجزیاتی مطالعہ

Islam is a complete code of life which provides guidance in political, social and economic affairs. Economics deals with very importnt sphere of human life that involves struggle for survival. This struggle is always appreciated because Allah Almighty Himself motivates for it. The basic aim of this is to eradicate poverty and huger and to bring happiness and satisfaction in society but the condition is that all the economic activities should be done with within the limits of sharia. Otherwise the efforts of human beings in this world as well as hereafter will never be successful. In contemporary economic trends, investment in securities is well known and popular. Government and private institutions issue bonds, shares, debentures etc to provide economic security to the people but in various types of sceurities Shar฀‘ah laws are not taken care of. Where, for a Muslim, injunctions of Shar฀‘ah are everything. There are tidings of rewards on obeying these injunctions and warning of punishment on their violation boath in this world and hereafter. Economic experts suggest to invest but People remain uncertain in these schemes. Regarding this objective, in this article few types of securities (Shares, Debentures and Prize Bonds) have been discussed in Shar฀‘ah perspectives and prize bonds were given special attention because of difference of openion of scholars about it. Some alternate solutions which may provide an insight into Islamic fiscal monetary system have been provided at the end.

Human Security Challenges to Pakistan Water Scarcity, Food Shortage and Militancy

Human security is a new concept in security studies that emerged in 1990s in the arena of global politics and shifted the focus of security studies from statehood to humans. Countries started to focus at human security while managing their national security policies but many countries of world neglected the human security values in formulation of their national policies and Pakistan is one of those countries. Blend of human security challenges has gradually emerged in Pakistani society due to its negligence in addressing human security issues particularly water scarcity, food shortage and militancy. Fragmented character of society has politicized the water issue in the productions of more water reservoirs which has created the water scarcity in the country that led to food shortage in the society. Common people are deprived from their basic necessities of life which has created the annoyance in deprived people who stood against the writ of government and a wave of militancy has been instigated in almost every part of country. The current research work has analyzed all aforesaid human security challenges to Pakistan in detail. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and responded by academia from 10 universities of Pakistan representing all provinces and centre as well. The respondents were 25 students of Masters, MPhil and PhD level and 5 faculty members from Political Science and International Relations departments from each university and collected data has been analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Studies (SPSS) to reach the sound conclusion. Current research work has recommended that the human security challenges to Pakistan such as water scarcity, food shortage and militancy may be addressed appropriately by adopting the comprehensive strategy comprising the use of force, diplomatic ways of negotiations and social elevation of common people in the society.