EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR TENSION TYPE HEADACHE

Background of the Study: Multiple Physical Therapy approaches have recently been developed and reported in the literature for providing better results in the treatment regimens of tension-type headaches. The advancement in the field of Physical therapy towards the treatment approaches of tension-type headaches has become the driving force for writing this article. Methodology: Studies comparing the effects of physical therapy management with conventional treatment approaches are included in the meta-analysis. PRISMA guidelines were used for performing the qualitative analysis and assessment of risk of biases. Results: According to the findings of nine randomized controlled trials, the analysis of the results had revealed that physical therapy intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in reducing headache severity. In a random effect model, the pool effects of physical therapy strategies in terms of Standardized Mean Difference had an impact of 1.41, which according to a Cohen rule of thumb displays a larger effect of physical therapy management in significant decrease in pain intensity among tension-type headache patients Conclusion: The study has concluded that physical therapy-based management strategies as provided in several RCTs analyzed in this review article revealed a pool effect of moderate size in managing the frequency of pain and a larger effect size in managing pain intensity and duration. Further, it was concluded that tension-type headaches can be effectively managed through physical therapy-based approaches.

Impact of Teachers 'Professionalism on University Students' Emotional Stability and Social

Impact of Teachers 'Professionalism on University Students' Emotional Stability and Social Competence Purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of teachers' professionalism on students' Emotional Stability and Social Competence in the context of private and public sector universities. The major objectives of this study were to measure the Professionalism among university teachers, to measure the impact of teachers' professionalism on the social competence of university students, to measure the impact of teachers' professionalism on the Emotional Stability of university students, to weigh the impact of demographic variables, such as Gender, Age, Socio economic status, Qualification, Experience, Class size in determining the teachers' of professionalism and students' emotional stabilities and social competencies. For this purpose a stratified random sample of 300 respondents was collected from two distinct groups of the population, such as university teachers and students of 6 private and public sector universities located at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected from both male and female respondents (University teachers and university students). The findings of the study revealed that there is positive relationship between teacher's professionalism and students' emotional stability and social competence. Results revealed that teachers' demographic variations, effects on their professionalism, along with these students' demographic variations are also playing a vital role in determining their emotional stabilities and social competence. Results also confirmed that male university students are more emotionally stable and socially competent than female university students. At present in the context of private and public sector universities there is a need to groom teachers because a considerable number of teachers are exhibiting immaturity or demonstrating moderately professional conducts in teaching learning context. Therefore, there is a need to create the awareness among teachers about their professional responsibilities. It is recommended that teachers may provide awareness about general teaching standards set by Higher Education Commission. It is also recommended that university teachers may also learn art of emotional stability and may also demonstrate it in front of their students. This research will be helpful for university teachers and administrators because it has provided us information to improve teachers' behavior at work. Careful planned teaching strategies and classroom management strategies affect students emotional and social grooming. Learning of socially approved behavior surely led students towards successful life. Study will also helpful for educational managers because of their role of planning and organizing organizational activities in more dynamic way which may lead their employees toward professionalism. This study will also helpful for the parents to understand the impact of environment in nurturing balanced personality pattern and behavior responses in children. At present in the context of private and public sector universities there is a need to groom teachers because a considerable number of teachers are exhibiting immaturity or demonstrating moderately professional conducts in teaching learning context. Therefore, there is a need to create the awareness among teachers about their professional responsibilities. It is recommended that teachers may provide awareness about general teaching standards set by HEC. It is recommended that university teachers may also learn art of emotional stability and may also demonstrate it in front of their students.