Antibacterial effect of Tradescantia pallida purpurea against fish (Labeo rohita) pathogens Antibacterial effects of Tradescantia pallida purpurea against fish pathogens

Diseases are recognized as one of the major restrictions to sustainable animal production which can cause significant economic loss in aquaculture. Even though there are various chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics and disinfectants in practice from centuries. Antibiotics have the potential to cause unwanted side effects as well as microbes get resistant against them. Now there is also a lot of research going to see the potential of natural products against pathogens. Tradescantia pallida purpurea plant has various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannis and phenolic compounds Objective: The present study was conducted to testefficacy of Tradescantia pallida purpurea in chloroform extract against fish pathogens and also a comparison in methods (well diffusion and disc diffusion) was made Methods: Four fish pathogens (NP1, NP4, SCC4 and TS1) were isolated after morphological and biochemical tests. Erythromycin was used as control. 10 µg/ml chloroform leaf extract was used by well diffusion and disc diffusion Results: It was noticed that well-diffusion assay was better to inhibit growth of fish isolates as compared to disc diffusion method. It was noticed that Tradescantia pallidahaspotential to inhibit growth of pathogens. Conclusions: So, there is a need to plan a comprehensive study to recommend the maximum dose that is helpful to control fish pathogens.

The Withdrawn Children and Their Classroom Participation: An Exploratory Case Study

Child-centred teaching and learning approach is a progressive approach that demands for active participation of all children in the classroom process. Educationists and Professional Educational Institutions like IED are advocating for this approach. As a result, more and more teachers are being exposed to this progressive approach of teaching and learning. As teachers embrace this approach, one may wonder whether they are able to enhance the participation of all children, including the withdrawn ones in the classroom process. Therefore, apart from creating awareness about withdrawn children who may be forgotten, ignored and isolated in the classroom, this exploratory case study was also carried out to find out the opportunities that exist in the classroom that could enable and/or enhance the participation of the withdrawn children. This study describes the experiences of withdrawn/unresponsive children in and outside the classroom through detailed classroom observations, interviewing some of the teachers, the two case withdrawn children and parents to one of the case children, and through analysis of relevant documents. The study found out that, though the teacher I observed had been exposed to child-centered teaching and learning strategies, like group work, pair work, the use of role plays, drama, discussions etc., through professional development courses and through the H.A.S programme being propagated in the school by the H.A.S.-IED team, that could have been used to enhance classroom participation of all children including the withdrawn ones, she was unable to maximize the use of these strategies in the classroom. However, the findings suggest that the warm friendly relationship the teacher had with all children including the withdrawn ones in the classroom, which was shown in the way she related to them, indicated that the teacher valued, loved and respected all the children. This relationship may have enhanced the children's self-esteem, thus, leading to occasional interaction between the teacher and the children, hence, enabling the two withdrawn case children to participate.