ڈینی سن راس
ہندوستان کے ایک مشہور ادیب وشاعر کے ساتھ یورپ کے ایک نامور مستشرق کابھی ماتم کرناہے۔ان کانام ڈینی سن راس تھا۔سرکاخطاب رکھتے تھے۔ عربی اورترکی ادبیات پراُن کی نظر وسیع تھی۔لندن کے مشہور اسکول آف اورینٹل اسڈیز کے ڈائریکٹر رہے اوراس سے پہلے مدرسہ عالیہ کلکتہ کے بھی پرنسپل رہ چکے تھے۔ اورپھر سب سے بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ اس علم وفضل کے باوصف مارگیولیوتھ ایسے متعصب مستشرقین کے برخلاف سرڈینی سن راس مسٹر آرنلڈ کی طرح اسلام اورمسلمانوں کے ساتھ ایک بڑی حد تک دوستانہ روش رکھتے تھے۔افسوس ہے گذشتہ ماہ اُن کے انتقال سے یورپ کے علمی حلقے السنۂ مشرقیہ کے ایک نامور فاضل سے محروم ہوگئے۔ [اکتوبر۱۹۴۰ء]
It is widely recognized that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the major drivers of sustainable economic growth, sources of income generation and panacea for poverty reduction in developing countries. Unfortunately, they are faced with numerous challenges that threaten their existence and survival. This precarity of small entrepreneurial organizations in entrepreneurial ecosystem has prompted widespread attention by scholars and researchers. Hence, it is critical to take into consideration examining the performance of the enterprises. This study analyzed the effect of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, personal and institutional characteristics on the performance of small and medium agro allied enterprises. Through the multistage sampling procedure, a total of 198 SMEs were selected for the study and data were collected with the aid of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that among the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, only risking taking and innovativeness significantly and positively affected the performance of SMEs agro allied enterprises. Furthermore, findings showed that except for size of business which was negatively related to the growth of SMEs, educational level of entrepreneurs, managerial and business experience positively and significantly impacted on the performance of SMEs. Policies to encourage SMEs invest in risky investments and create new product and services should be pursued.
The Effects of the Interaction between Monomodal and Multimodal Texts on Language Performance in Pakistani ESL Context: A Longitudinal Case Study The study is about the language performance of undergraduate learners including the possibilities and challenges faced by them in the learning and development of linguistic competence, mainly communicative competence. The research examines the use of visual texts as supplementary teaching materials and their influence on the barriers caused by the learners' Affective and Cognitive domains. For these pupils, after leaning the target language for 6-12 year, insufficient communicative competence remains to be one of the major reasons for their low performance in academic and non-academic settings. It is a longitudinal Case study that challenges the hegemony of the application of the monomodal teaching materials. The study focused on 41 learners for duration of a semester during their Bachelor of Electrical Engineering at Air University, Islamabad. However, the research is conducted in two phases; the cross-sectional study in phase-I serves to provide the background knowledge of the problem being address in the second phase of Longitudinal Case study. The data collected during both phases of the study covered varieties of texts and were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods, thus resulting in thick description demonstrating both the process and the product of language learning. The results of both case studies reflect learners' acquisition of the second language being heavily influenced by the factors investigated and suggest a significant role for visual texts in the curriculum to minimize them.