Theoretical Study of Indian Banking System

Banks play a significant part in India's financial system and contribute to economic growth. The banking industry is the foundation of every contemporary economy. It is one of the most significant foundations of the financial industry and plays a crucial role in economic performance. It is crucial for the growth of the nation's economy that financial demands be met; industry and agriculture demonstrate the greatest degree of dedication and accountability. Therefore, the growth of the nation is intimately tied to the growth of banks. Banks should not be seen as money changers in the contemporary economy, but as development leaders. In several economic sectors, they serve a crucial role in aggregating deposits and debt payments. The financial system reflects the country's economic life. Economic vitality is contingent upon the stability and efficacy of the financial system, which in turn is contingent upon a solid and sustainable banking system. A solid banking system that integrates deposits into productive sectors and a melting bank system allow the bank to fulfill its duties to investors. After India's independence, banks play a significant part in the country's social and economic growth. India is dominated by the banking industry, which accounts for more than half of the financial sector's assets. The Indian banking sector has seen a remarkable transformation due to the reforms of the financial industry, which are implemented in phases. In this context, the researcher has conducted an overview analysis of the Indian Banking System, resulting in the current paper.

Determination of Health Risks of Farm Workers and Vendors, Exposed to Pesticides

Effects of human exposure to selected pesticides on hematological profile, liver and kidney functions, as well as variations in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) concentrations and BChE gene were investigated. Additionally, pesticides-related knowledge, attitude, pesticides-handling practices, and health-related symptoms, including depression in these subjects were studied. The study group consisted of 427 individuals of similar socio-economic status: 256 farmers and 61 pesticides vendors exposed to pesticides versus 83 non-exposed individuals and 27 non-exposed vendors (control). A structured questionnaire was used for evaluation of attitude, practices and selfreported health-related symptoms including depression. Blood samples were also collected from all the individuals for hematological and biochemical analyses. Depression was more prevalent among farmers with prolonged exposure duration to pesticides and poor pesticides handling practices (P = 0.001); farmers that smoked suffered more depression than the non-smokers. Farmers that did not use any protective measures showed significantly higher prevalence of health-related disorders, such as nervous system effects, eyes irritation, skin rashes, urinary, cardiac, gastro-intestinal, and respiratory problems compared to the subjects taking protective measures. Blood analyses of pesticides-exposed farmers and vendors showed significantly elevated values of urea, creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), whereas significant decrease in levels of BChE, serum albumin and total proteins, erythrocytes, leucocytes, granulocytes numbers, hemoglobin, haemocrit number, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet count (PLT), platelets distribution width count (PDWC) compared to the level of these parameters in control subjects. Of the study individuals, blood samples of the most affected farmers were selected for genetic analysis of Exon 1 of BChE gene. It was found that a single synonymous SNP A>G was observed at the locus 2417 when comparing with the (gb M32388.1) available in the NCBI. The mutation was observed in all the samples that related with person having pesticides exposure. The present study confirms that pesticide exposure may adversely affect human health and alter vital hematological and biochemical parameters; additionally, alterations at gene level may also occur. Based on the findings of this study, safer and improved agricultural practices are suggested to pesticides handlers (farmers as well as vendors and retailers) to avoid health hazards.