پرویز شاہدی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مئی میں اردو کے مشہور شاعرپرویز شاہدی کلکتہ میں انتقال کرگئے۔عمر۵۷برس کی پائی۔اصل نام محمد اکرام حسین تھا۔نسباً سید تھے، وطن پٹنہ تھااور۱۹۱۰ء میں وہیں پیدا ہوئے تھے۔ اردو، فارسی دونوں زبانوں میں ایم۔اے کیا تھا۔اسی زمانہ میں کسی جذباتی صدمہ سے دوچارہوئے اورکلکتہ میں سکونت اختیار کرلی ادھر بارہ تیرہ برس سے کلکتہ یونیورسٹی میں اردو کے لیکچرر تھے اور اُن کی وجہ سے اس شعبہ میں جیسے زندگی کی نئی روح پیداہوگئی تھی۔ شعر گوئی کا ملکہ فطری تھا،چنانچہ اُن کے ساتھیوں کابیان ہے کہ دس برس کی عمر سے ہی شعرکہنے لگے اورمشاعروں میں شرکت کرنے لگے تھے۔ انھیں قدرت تودونوں پر تھی لیکن ان کوفطری مناسبت بہ نسبت نظم کے غزل سے زیادہ تھی۔یہاں تک کہ اُن کی نظم بھی غزل کاآہنگ رکھتی تھی۔اپنی عمر اورشاعری دونوں کے عہد شباب میں ’’ترقی پسند‘‘ہوگئے تھے لیکن چونکہ طبیعت میں سلامتی اورذوق میں استواری تھی اس لیے اُن کی’’ترقی پسندی‘‘صرف افکار تک محدود رہی۔شاعری اور خصوصاً غزل کی قدیم روایات سے انھوں نے رشتہ منقطع نہیں کیا۔جتنے اچھے شاعر تھے ترنم بھی اتنا ہی ولولہ انگیز اورموثر تھا۔کلکتہ میں جب پہلی بار(غالباً ۱۹۴۹ء میں) اُن کی معرکہ آراء نظم’’تضاد‘‘
میں عدوئے قہرمانی تو رفیق شہریاری
مری زندگی جہادی تری زندگی فراری
تجھے خار و خس کی سطوت پہ یقین پائداری
مرے ہر نفس میں رقصاں مرا عزم شعلہ باری
تری آنکھیں سہمی سہمی تری فکر لرزی لرزی
مری روح بپھری بپھری کہ لگائے ضرب کاری
سنی ہے توپورے مجمع میں جوش وخروش کایہ عالم تھا کہ گویا طبل جنگ بج چکا ہے اورفوج مارچ کرنے والی ہے،یہی واقعہ میری اوراُن کی دوستی کانقطۂ آغاز تھا۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ یہ دوستی اس درجہ مستحکم اورمضبوط ہوتی چلی گئی کہ وہ میرے نہایت عزیز اورمخلص دوست ہوگئے۔جنوری۱۹۶۷ء...
This study aims to determine the health and sanitary status of the Mamanwa indigenous people in selected areas in CARAGA Region. The respondents were the Mamanwa people who are residents of Cantugas, Mainit, Surigao del Norte community, and Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte community. The study used descriptive research design utilizing questionnaire and personal interview in gathering the data. The total population of the respondents is 69 and respondents from both communities were selected based on simple random design. The study used percentage and mode/majority criterion, weighted mean, and Kendal-tau correlation. The findings showed that in the extent of health and sanitation education which was divided into three factors: Factor 1 which is the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices shows a mean rating described as always except for item 9. Factor 2 was about exposure to health and sanitation campaign and education show a mean rating of sometimes. Factor 3 is about awareness on health and sanitation show a mean rating of sometimes. On the economic status of Mamanwa people which was the (factor 1) economic status of Mamanwa parents, 75.4% of the Mamanwa parents send their children to school and 64.9% of Mamanwa parents’ allocated budget for clothing and other personal necessities. On social status of the location (factor 2), only 35.1% of the respondents said that they have proper waste disposal and segregation. The results showed that Mamanwa children regardless of sex and age were undernourished and there is a significant relationship between the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices with hygiene on health care where it had an R-value of 0.47 and 0.35 respectively. Lastly, only economic factor on the social status of the location had a significant relationship on the health status of Mamanwa children in terms of BMI which had an R-value -0.20 and p-value 0.049.
Fresh produce linked foodborne outbreaks have become a global concern. Nutritional value of vegetables and high prices of meat and meat originated food compel common people for consumption of plant originated food particularly salad vegetables. Microbial population of vegetable surfaces contains large number of pathogenic bacteria including members of Enterobactereace. Most promising pathogen among enteric microbes is Escherichia coli (E.coli) that is normally a nonpathogenic bacteria and becomes virulent due to several pathogenic factors like toxin production. Shigalike toxins are chief disease causing molecular structures produced by Shigalike toxin producing strains of E.coli possessing genes for shigalike toxin I and shigalike toxin II. It was intended to assess and manage the risk associated with these potential pathogens. This research was an effort to reduce faecal contamination of salad vegetables consumed in Pakistan and to provide clean nutritious food to public. A survey was conducted in three markets of Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Lahore and tomato, lettuce, cabbage and cucumber were collected from three shops of each market. Each vegetable was analysed as unwashed and washed for aeobic plate count (APC), total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E.coli. About two hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were preserved, serotyped and studied for presence of shigalike toxin genes. Results indicated a high APC on all vegetable samples. Total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E.coli count exceeded the permissible limits in most samples. Highest APC was associated with lettuce (6.6 log 10 cfu/g). Tomato was least contaminated by APC (5.6 log 10 cfu/g). E.coli was detected in tomato, lettuce, cucumber and cabbage. Washed samples showed significantly reduced bacterial population. Two hundred and fifty isolates of E.coli were biochemically characterized and serotyped for O and H antigens. Majority of strains could not be identified by serotyping. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicated presence of shigalike toxins in 55 E.coli isolates. Raw garlic proved to be most promising antibacterial spice extract with maximum zone of inhibition (29mm) and lowest MIC (3mg/ml). Ginger, cinnamon, mustard also indicated considerable antibacterial activity. Extracts xiprepared by using methanol, acetone and water as solvents showed variable antimicrobial efficiency. Solvent extraction reduced efficacy of extracts as compared to crude extracts. Acetic acid, citric acid and common salt also lowered growth of E.coli strains. A treatment solution of pH=2.7, consisting of 5 ml of raw extracts of garlic, ginger, mustard, cinnamon, 5 ml of 2% acetic acid, 2% citric acid and 1.5% common salt was prepared and directly applied on salad vegetables. This composite treatment solution significantly reduced APC and completely eliminated total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E.coli. These findings conclude with high potentially pathogenic microbial load on salad vegetables and urge for preventive action on priority basis. Raw spice extracts alongwith non toxic chemicals provide an excellent source for pathogens elimination from fresh produce.