مولوی احتشام علی ندوی
افسوس ہے کہ ۲۰؍ رمضان المبارک کو مولوی احتشام علی ندوی اچانک چل بسے، ان کی تعلیم دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں ہوئی، وہ مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی ندوی مرحوم کے چہیتے شاگردوں میں تھے، انہی کے ایما سے جامعہ ملیہ میں داخلہ لیا، مولانا عبدالسلام صاحب نے لکھنؤ میں ادارۂ تعلیمات اسلام کی داغ بیل ڈالی تو اس کی تشکیل میں یہ بھی ان کے معاون رہے اور ان کی نگرانی میں صحابہ کرام کے حالات میں مختصر اور عام فہم بعض کتابچے لکھے۔
دارالمصنفین سے ان کا تعلق دو بار رہا، پہلی دفعہ وہ مولانا عبدالسلام قدوائی کے ساتھ آئے اور محاسب کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی، ان کے انتقال کے بعد انہوں نے بھی یہاں سے تعلق منقطع کرلیا، تاہم دارالمصنفین سے ان کے لگاؤ میں کمی نہیں آئی جناب سید صباح الدین صاحب مرحوم کے انتقال کے بعد پھر وہ دارالمصنفین تشریف لائے اور پریس کی نگرانی اور دوسرے انتظامی امور ان کو سپرد کئے گئے لیکن اس دفعہ ان کی صحت خراب رہنے لگی۔ دو تین برس سے کمزوری بہت بڑھ گئی تھی اور ضعف بصر کی شکایت بھی ہوگئی تھی۔ ان کا انتقال دارالمصنفین ہی میں ہوا، مگر تدفین ان کے وطن رحیم آباد میں ہوئی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ درجات بلند کرے اور اہلیہ و اعزہ کو صبرِ جمیل عطا کرے آمین!
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۲۰۰۰ء)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most powerful neuroimaging modalities due to its high spatio-temporal resolution characteristics. This known modality is applied on mapping the temporal, occipital, frontal cortices of the brain for localizing the neural activities generated due to any visual, physical or mental task or brain diseases or brain disorders. The occipital cortex is composed of middle, left, right, interior and exterior occipital gyrus and is responsible for visional function of human brain. The occipital gyrus reflects the neural image generated in the brain due to any visual activity. In this research paper, four different visual stimuli images of faces, scrambled, scenes and objects along with gap of blank space, forming a long sequence of stimuli observed by two female subjects, are experimented to examine and localize the most contrasting neural image generated in occipital gyrus of the brain. The visual fMRI brain data received from the two subjects is processed through fMRI-SPM12 toolbox based on Matlab software. In order to demonstrate the results statistically, two regressions such as T-contrast and F-contrast vectors are applied on fMRI images to highlight, and to localize the most active neural stimuli activities generated in the occipital gyrus of brain. In the results, it is demonstrated that maximum neural response can be mapped only for face stimulus in the bilateral occipital gyrus of the brain by applying T-contrast vectors regressions as when compared to other stimuli conditions and F-contrast vectors regressions. Further, it is also investigated that, the response of the face stimulus in F-contrast regressions achieved is somehow dispersed and unclear due to the large variances and interlinked communication of other stimuli or induced neural noises generated in entire volume of the brain. Further from the given images, it is also investigated that the most reflecting and contrast area for any visual stimuli (such as face stimulus in this case) is either the middle or bilateral part of occipital gyrus of the human brain as identified through application of T-contrast vectors regressions.
It is a fact that the quality of teacher education in Pakistan is deteriorating and efforts are needed to intensify and accord adequate priority to the effectiveness of teacher education programs. Various surveys and studies undertaken in Pakistan reinforce a bleak picture of teacher education and its impact on students learning outcomes (World Bank & NEAS in 2005 & UNESCO/ USAID & ITA in 2008). In order to make a decision on standard of award of degree and quality of delivery of teacher education programs there must be some systems and procedures. It is now a growing trend in Pakistani educational institutions/ organizations to get ISO 9000:2001 certifications on the basis of assumption that ISO 9000 quality system is not in contradiction with any sound education standards or practice. Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan has also developed procedures and guidelines for quality assurance and its enhancement. The HEC Manual is an effort in this regard to put all the guidelines and procedures in one volume so that university administration, quality enhancement cells, and faculty might find it easier to implement. The central premise of the study was to find out the choice of the quality strategies of teacher education institutions, but equally important was to collect the empirical evidences connected to the appropriateness of the specific quality system in ensuring the quality in teacher education. For the purpose, the phase 1 was a quantitative study through a self-administered survey to 58 faculty members of selected teacher education institutions in all provinces of Pakistan, that looked at the profile of the institutions, institutional choice of quality system, and the identification of internal and external forces that may influence the implementation of quality strategies. Following this macro level analysis, the researcher looked for specific information using the qualitative interview with the 10 heads (Deans or Directors) of teacher education institutions to have triangulation and an in-depth analysis of data connected with the appropriateness of quality system in ensuring quality in teacher education. The data obtained through quantitative and qualitative instruments later mixed using sequential explanatory model of mixed method data analysis The findings of this research study will help the community of teacher educators, heads of teacher education institutions, and other researchers to improve the existing systems. A multi-pronged strategy will be used to disseminate the results of the proposed study. The study recommends that the Higher Education Commission, NACTE and the provincial department of education should develop a new framework of quality system to ensure quality in teacher education programs.