حافظ ضیاء الدین احمد
افسوس ہے پچھلے مہینہ حافظ ضیاء الدین احمد صاحب ایڈیٹر ندائے حرم کرانچی کاانتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم مدرسہ صولتیہ مکہ معظمہ کے صدر دفتر کے انچارج تھے۔ قرول باغ دہلی میں ان کا دفتر دفترِبرہان کے پڑوس میں تھا۔۱۹۴۷ء کے ہنگاموں میں ہم سے قرول باغ چھٹا تومرحوم اس ملک کو ہی خیرباد کہہ کر کراچی میں جابیٹھے۔ وہ اگرچہ ضابطہ کے عالم نہیں تھے لیکن بڑی اچھی سمجھ بوجھ اوراعلیٰ درجہ کی انتظامی قابلیت رکھتے تھے۔مہمان نوازی، تواضع اورفراغ حوصلگی و سیرچشمی ان کی طبیعت تھی۔ قرآن مجید کے صرف حافظ ہی نہیں تھے بلکہ اس کے عاشق بھی تھے۔ روزانہ خودپابندی کے ساتھ اس کاورد کرتے تھے اوراپنی اولاد کو بھی تلاوت قرآن کی تاکید کرتے رہتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ آں مرحوم کوابراروصلحاء کامقام عطافرمائے اورمدرسہ صولتیہ کی اس شاخ کومرحوم جیسے منتظم کے اٹھ جانے کے باعث کسی قسم کاچشم زخم پہنچنے سے محفوظ رکھے۔آمین [مئی۱۹۵۲ء]
Translations have a prominent role in the advancement of science and literature for any people. By which sciences and arts move from the literature of one nation to the literature of another nation, in which sciences and arts flourish, and a nation becomes acquainted with the literature of another nations. Translation is an independent art, as it depends on creativity, linguistic sense and the ability to bring cultures closer, and it enables all mankind to communicate and benefit from each other's experiences. It is an art as old as written literature. Translation is a cultural necessity and an intellectual activity, and it extends bridges of communication between civilizations that converge and diverge among themselves, and their languages are similar and differ in ways of expression and methods of statement and expression of ideas, feelings and attitudes, and in the worldview and understanding of its concepts. There is no doubt that translation it is a complex linguistic process that requires lengthy anchors, as the queen of the two tongues is acquired only by a lot of practice, in addition to the systematic study of the mechanisms of transmission from one tongue to another. We also see in the modern era that the Arab Scientific Academy in Damascus, the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo and the Iraqi Scientific Academy have a clear and prominent role in the advancement of Arabic sciences and literature. The Scientific Academy in Damascus has established the Arabic language and its terminology, and the language of bureaucracies, in particular, with the help of authors and translators in particular, and the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, which has made efforts in developing the great linguistic lexicon and terminology of modern sciences.
The study was conducted on the insecticide-resistance-management of the tomato fruit-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), employing a bio-intensive integrated management strategy on the tomato crop during 2007 and 2008, at Faisalabad (Punjab), Pakistan. The study comprised of the following four sections: 1. 2. 3. 4. Host Plant Resistance, Role of weather factors in the population fluctuations, Contribution of physio-morphic and chemical plant-characters, in the population fluctuation of the pest, and the Bio-intensive management of H. armigera on tomato crop. Thirty two genotypes of tomato, viz., Tropic Boy, Royesta, Long Tipped, Money- Maker, Ebein, NARC-1, Roma VFN, Pant Bahr, Shalkot-96, Chico-III, Tommy, Nagina, Peelo, Pusba Rubi, Sun-6002, FS-8802, FS-8801, Tanja, Pomodoro, Rio-grande, Rockingbam, Manik, Nadir, Early Mecb, Roma Local, Big Long, Gressilesse, Pakit, Tropic, Nova Mecb, Sahil and Red Top were screened for their resistance against the tomato fruit-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner.), during 2007. Maximum larval-population and percent infestation of the fruits were observed on Roma VFN, while these were found to be minimum on Sahil. Significant difference was observed among the genotypes, regarding the marketable fruit-yield in kg/plot. Roma VFN (a susceptible genotype), showed a minimum yield of 39.50 kg/plot; while, maximum yield of 99.56 kg/plot, was recorded on Sahil (a resistant genotype). Maximum, minimum and temperatures, each had significant and highly positive correlation with the fruit-infestation; whereas, the relative humidity showed a negative and significant correlation (P < 0.05) during the year 2008, while, during 2007, as well as on the basis of an average for both years, all the factors showed a non-significant correlation with the infestation. Various physio-morphic (hair-density and length of hair on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, and thickness of the leaf-lamina) and chemical plant characters (Moisture, total minerals, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Fat, Crude fiber and CHO) were studied on various selected genotypes of tomato, to determine their effect on the larval- population of the fruit-borer and its infestation of fruits, during 2008. Hair-density on the upper-surface, length of hair on the upper-surface and the thickness of leaf-lamina showed a negative and significant correlation with the larval-population of tomato fruit- borer. Moisture percentage, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn contents exerted a positive and significant correlation with the fruit-infestation; whereas, the effect was negative and significant between the Fe-contents and fruit-infestation. Thickness of the leaf-lamina and moisture percentage in the leaves of tomato plant were the most important and contributed the maximum in the larval-population of tomato fruit-borer, i.e., 16.8 and 35.8 percent, respectively followed by the hair-density on the upper surface of the leaves and CHO with 15.9 and 10.4 percent contribution in the larval population fluctuations of the tomato fruit-borer, respectively. The study was conducted to integrate various control methods, viz., biological control (release of Chrysoperla carnea and Bracon hebetor, each @ 1 card/5-m 2 ), botanical control (spray of neem-seed kernel extract, Neemosol @ 1480 ml/ha), chemical control (spinosad, Tracer 240 SC @ 197.6 ml/ha) and entomopathogenic fungal control (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 kg/ha) alone and in all of their possible interactions for the management of Helicoverpa armigera, on the tomato crop, during 2008. These control methods were applied three times on the tomato crop (CV Sahil), after the appearance of the pest. An Integration of B. thuringiensis + tracer + B. hebetor + neemosol and C. carnea, resulted in a maximum yield (305.92 q/ha), lowest larval population of H. armigera and minimum infestation of marketable tomato fruits caused by the pest. This treatment, as such, proved to be the best.