نہر کنارہ
نہر کنارے بیٹھا ہوں میں
بہتا پانی دیکھ رہا ہوں
اُجلا پانی ، تیز روانی
سُرسُر ، سُرسُر کرتا جائے
میٹھے میٹھے گیت سنائے
نہر کنارے بوٹے سارے
ناچیں ، گائیں ، جھومیں ، جھولیں
طوطا ، چڑیا ، بلبل ، مینا
رنگ برنگی بولی بولیں
یہ کیسا پیارا منظر ہے
شام اُداسی لے کر آئی
یہ منظر بھی اک منظر ہے
میرا دیکھا بھالا منظر
خوف کا ہے اک کالا منظر
شام کے جاتے ، رات کے ہوتے
سارے بوٹے سو جاتے ہیں
تو پھر چاند نکل آتا ہے
میں اُس سے باتیں کرتا ہوں
میں جتنی باتیں کرتا ہوں
میں تیری باتیں کرتا ہوں
یوں ہی رات گزر جاتی ہے
اور سویرا ہو جاتا ہے
میں شب بھر ہوں نہر کنارے
میں دن بھر ہوں نہر کنارے
نہر کنارہ دنیا میری
Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan [d. 2005] can truly be said to be a teacher of teachers [ustadh al-asatadha]. In his long and distinguished academic career spanning over six decades, he brought into existence literally hundreds of teachers in his subject Urdu and also created in many of them a taste for critical research that resulted in the existence of a whole corpus of standard critical material. This will endure in academic circles for a long time. It was his common habit to encourage his students, especially those of an academic bent of mind, to enrol for a Ph.D. In the course of which he would proffer them all kinds of assistance even if he were not their research supervisor. As such, the names of Dr Najmul Islam, who succeeded him as Chairman, Department of Urdu, University of Sindh, stands out. Dr Najmul Islam was the editor of a scholarly research journal, Tehqiq, which appeared in over 20 volumes in his own lifetime. Each issue contained scores of critical essays of a very high academic standard including his own [Dr N. Islam’s]. There is also the name of Dr Hasrat Kasganjvi, who emerged as a creative artist and critic of merit later on authoring dozens of books of high academic standard. The list is long and distinguished and contains the names of the major teachers of Urdu language and literature at the main Pakistani universities. Apart from Urdu teachers, the thousands of persons who had the benefit of attending his lectures and courses are also evidence of his intellectual wide-ranging scholarship. Then there is the select circle of his murids who formed his circle of spiritual knowledge and who had proffered their religious devotion at his hands. To these he gave the benefit of his spiritual counsel and advice as well as the vast knowledge he possessed of the Islamic sciences in his table-talk. Among these persons, the name of ex-President Ziaul Haq is most prominent.
This study was conducted with an aim to develop a novel washing-off method to remove unfixed reactive dyes from cotton fabrics with lesser amount of water and energy, without compromising color fastness properties. In this context, ozone was utilized very first time in washing-off process to ascertain color fastness properties of selected reactive dyes. After deep shade dyeing (6% owf) of C.I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. Reactive Blue 19, and C.I. Reactive Orange 7, dyed fabrics were subjected to both conventional and new washing-off methods. The new washing-off process was carried out by introducing the ozone at the bottom of bubble column reactor containing the fabric and washing-off liquor. The new process took place at room temperature using a single bath without draining or refilling with fresh water. Fabrics washed-off with both methods were compared in terms of washing fastness, crocking fastness, change of color, and magnitude of total color difference ( ∆E*cmc (2:1) ). The color fastnesses properties and final shade of the ozone treated fabrics were found to be comparable to those washed-off conventionally. Key Terms: Washing-off, Reactive dyes, AOP, Ozone, Bubble column reactor, Fastness