روشؔ صدیقی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ روش صدیقی نے دفعتہ انتقال کیا، مرحوم اپنے اوصاف اور خصوصیات میں منفرد تھے، جس کی مثال اس دور کے شعراء میں کم ملے گی، وہ جس درجہ کے شاعر تھے، اسی درجہ کے انسان بھی تھے، ان کی موت سے ایک باکمال شاعر ہی نہیں بلکہ اخلاق و شرافت کا ایک پیکر اٹھ گیا، ان میں مشرق تہذیب کی ساری خوبیاں اور وضعداریاں جمع تھیں، شاعری میں ان کا پایہ بہت بلند تھا، وہ صاحب طرز شاعر تھے، سیکڑوں شعراء میں ان کا کلام ممتاز نظر آتا تھا، وہ ان شعراء میں تھے جن سے شاعری کا بھرم اور وقار قائم تھا، ان کو نظم اور غزل دونوں میں یکساں قدرت حاصل تھی، ان کی نظموں میں تغزل کی لطافت و رنگینی اور غزلوں میں تغزل کے کیف و سرور کے ساتھ نظم کا شکوہ و تجمل ہوتا تھا، ان کی فارسی استعداد بہت اچھی تھی، اور اس کا سارا حسن ان کے کلام میں جلوہ گر تھا، ظاہری حسن کے ساتھ معنوی حیثیت سے اس میں بڑی بلندی اور پاکیزگی تھی، اور وہ ان من الشعر الحکمۃ وانٔ من البیان السحر کا مصداق تھا، مذہب میں راسخ العقیدہ اور عملاً پابند مذہب مرد مومن تھے، اس سے ان کو دنیاوی نقصان بھی اٹھانا پڑا، مگر اس کی انھوں نے مطلق پروا نہ کی، ان کی شخصیت بڑی دلآویز تھی، چھوٹا سا قد ہنستا ہوا شگفتہ و شاداب چہرہ اس پر اخلاص و محبت کی موجیں دل کو کھنچ لیتی تھیں، دارالمصنفین کے کارکنوں سے ان کو بڑا مخلصانہ تعلق تھا، جب اعظم گڑھ کے نواح میں آنا ہوتا تو ملنے کے لئے ضرور آتے تھے، ادھر ڈیڑھ دو سال سے ملاقات نہیں ہوئی تھی، ایک دن دفعتہ ریڈیو نے ان کی مرگ ناگہانی کی خبر سنائی، اس کو...
This study aims to draw a comparative analysis of the powers of local governments in Karachi. The subject of local government structure and its authority has become more important in the current local scenario. The findings of the study reveal that in past successive civilian governments in Pakistan did not pay attention to developing a solid local government system and instead preferred controlling districts and tehsils through the bureaucracy, with the absence of democracy and accountability at the local level. Instead of using this third tier of the government for the delivery of swift and better municipal services, they always made an effort to keep them weakened through legislation at different levels. The situation has now got worst in the biggest city and economic hub of Pakistan where people are deprived of basic facilities due to a handicapped system. The Mayor of the biggest city of Pakistan felt powerless as the provincial government through the Sindh Local Government Act 2013 deprived the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation of its main functions. The local bodies will have to be given the authority and essential powers. Only then these institutions can be made capable of providing basic services to the people.
In the present research study, biosorption efficacy of agro-wastes (rice husk, bagasse, peanut husk, cotton sticks and wheat bran) for U, Zr and Sr removal from aqueous media was investigated. Rice husk, bagasse and peanut husk were selected as most efficient biosorbent for the removal of U, Zr and Sr ions respectively. These selected biomasses were subjected to different pre-treatments (Physical and chemical) and modifications (immobilization). Batch biosorption affecting parameters like pH, sorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration and temperature were optimized for native, pre-treated and immobilized biomasses to get maximum removal. Maximum biosorption capacity values were found at pH (4-5), (3-4) and (7-9) for U, Zr and Sr ions respectively for native, pre- treated and immobilized biomasses. The amount of metal ions sorbed (mg/g) decreased with increasing biosorbent dose and increased at higher initial metal ion concentration. Linear and non-linear regression forms of pseudo-first and second-order were studied and value of R2 and six non-linear regression error functions namely hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), Marquardt’s percent standard deviation (MPSD), average relative error (ARE), sum of the errors squared (ERRSQ/SSE), sum of the absolute errors (EABS) and Chi-square test (χ2) were used to predict the most optimum kinetic model. Sorbent- sorbate reaction nature was estimated by fitting equilibrium data by non-linear and transformed linear forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms and most optimum isothermal model was optimized by comparing linear and non-linear R2 value and non-linear regression error functions. Calculated values of thermodynamic parameters i.e. ΔG ̊, ΔH ̊ and ΔS ̊ showed that studied processes are feasible and spontaneous. Response surface methodology using face-cantered central composite design was used to design experiments for biosorption of U(VI), Zr(IV) and Sr(II) ions onto biomasses. Significance of main, interaction and square effects of quadratic model was determined by ANOVA, F-test and p value. Adsorption/desorption studies showed that biosorbents can be reused successfully. Effect of interfering ions (cations & anions) on the removal efficiencies was studied. The column biosorption was also done and effect of bed height, flow rate and initial metal ion concentration was also studied by breakthrough curves and applying Bed Depth Service (BDST) and Thomas model. BET, SEM-EDX, TGA, XRD and FTIR analysis were carried out to characterize the biomasses. The whole study proved that selected agro-wastes have good removal potential for U(VI), Zr(IV) and Sr(II) ions containing wastewater.