The Impact of Lane Discipline on Speed and Time Headway

Lane discipline has a major impact on traffic density, speed, and time headway. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) centre lane marking is used to enforced lane discipline.  Traffic congestion mitigated with three dimensional lane marking as the speed and headway increased. The Camlytics is used to observed the egress and ingress time. The statistics analysis noticed an increase in speed and headway after 3D lane marking. Gamma and Lognormal distributions are found the best fit for speed before and after 3D marking, respectively. Normal and Weibull distributions are the best fit for headway in the absence and presence of 3D lane markings, respectively. These distributions can be used for traffic flow characterization. This study recommends strictly enforcement of lane discipline to counter traffic congestion. 

Design of Efficient Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms for Novel Mimo Architectures

The major issue in the mobile communication is the presence of several types of im- pairments in the wireless medium. There are many types of impairments, the important one is refer to as fading which is defined as the interference occurred in the received signal because of its multiple copies arrived through multi paths. It creates considerable changes in receive signal power and therefore counted as significantly destructive in nature. Fading introduces significant distortion and disturbances in almost all wireless radio signal. The major cause of the fading is multipath propagation of the signals and the relative movement of mobile transmitting and/or receiving device. The cancellation of fading effect is essential to achieve higher data rate and better ser- vice quality with similar radiating power and/or bandwidth. Diversity is one of the im- portant techniques to reduce the effect of fading. In order to achieve different diversity types multiple input multiple output antenna array is employed. If a switchable or movable beam pattern is connected to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna system; the system is referred to as smart system. In order to perform xivthis function, smart antenna requires certain signal processing and adaptive computa- tion. Such adaptive computations are performed through some algorithms known as adaptive beamforming algorithms. This dissertation develops three novel MIMO beamforming architecture using decision directed mode in order to exploit spatial and temporal diversities. Moreover, we pro- posed three new adaptive beamforming algorithms for fast convergence and high beam gain. The simulation results prove their effectiveness over other available algorithms and architectures.