ہاں ہاں زرداری مجرم ہے ؟
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر محمد یوسف اعوان
بندوق والوں کا مجرم ؟ فتوے والوں کا مجرم ؟
زرداری ان سب کا مجرم ہے جن کا بھٹو مجرم تھا ،بے نظیر مجرم تھی ،مرتضی مجرم تھا ،شاہنواز مجرم تھا ،سلمان تاثیر مجرم تھا ،شہباز بھٹی مجرم تھا ،بشیر بلور مجرم تھا،زرداری کو ہر طرح سے توڑا گیا ،گیارہ سال جیل میں رکھ کر ،بھیانک جھوٹے مقدمے بنا کر ،بدترین تشدد کا نشانہ بنا کر ،جیل سے نکال کر وزارت کا حلف اٹھوا کر ،بالآ خر ایوان صدر میں قید کر کے ۔
مگر وہ نہ ٹوٹا ،نہ جھکا نہ بکا بلکہ نا کام دشمن اس کی مسکراہٹ تک نہ توڑ سکے ۔اس پر طرح طرح کے مقدمے بنائے گئے ،مقدمے خود ساختہ ،قاضی اپنے مگر کچھ ثابت نہ کر سکے ،زرداری کی جوانی چھن گئی مگر سچ کا بول بالا ہوا وہ ڈٹا رہا مگر دشمن ہار ماننے والے کب تھے ۔انہوں نے پرکشش الزامات پر مبنی کہانیاں گھڑیں ،میڈیا پر بیٹھے افلاطونوں کو حکم دیا کہ دن رات ان کی کہانیوں کا ڈھنڈورا پیٹو ،اتنا جھوٹ بولو ،بار بار بولو ،لاکھوں بار بولو، جھوٹ کو سچ بنا دو ،بچے بچے کو یاد کروا دو کہ زرداری برا ہے زرداری چور ہے زرداری کرپٹ ہے ۔
مگر وہ نہیں جانتے تھے کہ زرداری کا مقدمہ تاریخ کی عدالت میں ہے ۔تاریخ کی عدالت کسی کی خواہشات کی غلام نہیں ہے ۔تاریخ کی عدالت ثبوت مانگتی ہے ۔تاریخ کی عدالت سچ کو اجاگر کر کے چھوڑتی ہے ۔تاریخ کی عدالت وقت کے فرعون کی طرف سے جھوٹے الزامات کو اٹھا کر باہر پھینک دیتی ہے تاریخ کی عدالت ہر ایک مجرم اور ہر ایک ملزم کو کٹہرے...
Rotifers are zooplanktons that react more sharply to the environmental changes. Objective: To better understand the community composition of rotifers in Safari Zoo Lake, Lahore, PakistanMethods: wecollected 16 water samples on monthly basis, dividing lake into four major sites: northern, southern, eastern, and western sites. Each of these was further subdivided into four locations, for a total of 16 sampling sites. A total 23 rotifer species were recorded from the lake with Brachionus calyciflorus having maximum abundance. A species abundance curve was plotted between months and number of species of rotifers indicating their lowest and highest abundance through the study period. Results: A Cluster Analysis yielded three main groups of closely related species including species like Brachionus quadridentatus, Synchaeta stylata and Brachionus calyciflorusetc. We used a Principal Component Analysis (I and II) to study variation in the rotifer community on a seasonal basis and among sampling sites. A biplot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA I) reflected the relationship of rotifers with the months. Some of the species showed a positive positive relationship, while others showed negative one. PCA II was plotted between months and physico-chemical parameters showing their negative and positive relations. Conclusions: We conclude that a lesser replacement of fresh water, increased density of waterfowl, reptilia and solid waste left overduring boating has resulted in eutrophication of lake leading to overall low diversity of rotifers observed
Tungsten carbide cobalt coating has been extensively used for cutting and mining tools, aerospace, automotive and other wear resistance applications. These coatings not only have superior mechanical properties like high hardness, toughness and compressive strength but have also excellent controllable tribological properties. Nanocrystalline coatings can provide combination of high hardness and high toughness which otherwise are exclusive properties. But in the case of High Velocity Oxyfuel (HVOF) sprayed nanocrystalline WC-cobalt coatings, a higher degree of decarburization is reported in the published literature. This results in porosity and brittle phases formation in the coating structures. This in turn results in higher wear rate of nanocrystalline WC-cobalt coatings. In this study HVOF sprayed coatings made from duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline WC-cobalt powders is used. The purpose of using these powders is to address the issue of decarburization and porosity formation in the coatings. Lower decarburization and hence porosity formation in these coatings along with the benefit of smaller WC grain sizes result in better tribological performance of these coatings. A comparison of wear behaviour is made between conventional microcrystalline and novel duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline WC-17 wt% cobalt coatings. Coatings made from finer and coarser feedstock powders with same WC grain size are also compared. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopic images show more porosity in the microcrystalline coatings than the duplex coated WC-cobalt coatings made from coarser feedstock powders while the highest porosity was observed when fine feedstock powder having agglomerate sizes 10-20 μm with 300-550nm WC grain sizes were used. Fracture toughness was 25.12 and 19.04 MPam 1/2 for near-nano and microcrystalline coatings respectively while it was only 3.01 MPam 1/2 for the coatings madeiv from fine feedstock powders. The higher toughness can be attributed to more frequent interruption in the crack propagation and only intergranular cracking in the near- nanocrystalline coatings in contrast to the microcrystalline coatings where both trans-granular and inter-granular crack propagation take place. Under similar test conditions, the wear rate was 4.0×10 -3 mm 3 /m for nearnanocrystalline and 6.6×10 -3 mm 3 /m for microcrystalline coatings. The lower wear rate in duplex cobalt coated near-nanocrystalline coatings can be attributed to its higher toughness and hardness values, the lower decarburization and porosity observed in it and the smaller fraction of brittle non-WC phases formation. In summary it is stated that the lowest porosity, W 2 C content and lower wear rate and highest hardness and fracture toughness was observed for the coatings made from duplex cobalt coated powders with near-nanocrystalline WC grains and with feedstock powder size of 45-60μm, which can be beneficial for high performance and longer tool life.