غم کی بارشیں
اس سے پہلے کہ میری آنکھوں کوتیرے غم کی بارش بھگوتی
میری روح بھیگ چکی تھی
سانسوں میں دندانے اور جگر چھلنی تھا
تم نے مجھے اس اذیت سے آشنا کرایا
جسے ابھی میری جاں سہنے کے قابل نہ تھی
غم کی بارشیں کہاں روز ہوتی ہیں
مجھے تو بس ان گلاب کی پتیوں کی خبر تھی
جو تیرییادوں کی گور پہ ڈال آیا تھا
اگر ہو سکے خدا سے سفارش کر دینا
Plagiarism is a cheating in form of stealing the ideas or language of others, which is morally and ethically crime and it's also an offense. In the field of education plagiarism is an academic fraud, therefore it is considered a theft. In material world the things which belong to us are considered our property; same is the case in academic world ideas, concepts words and work which belong to us are known as "intellectual property". Thus, we cannot use or cite others’ academic work without permission. Islam is the only religion that advocates for knowledge seeking and sharing with others. So sharing useful knowledge is Sadqa-e-Jāriyia. But this does not mean to attain knowledge and overlook the real source of knowledge. In this connection individual has to give credit whenever one uses the work of others anywhere. Hence, if we are using the work of others and do not cite the source and acknowledge the real author, we indulge ourselves in "Plagiarism" or in academic fraud. So in this scenario, academic world copyright or authorship is important. In recent terminology these are known as "intellectual property rights". In present era deceiving and harming of others has become common. In academia, "intellectual frauds" are more common nowadays. The objective of this article is to highlight the Islamic perspective in the avoidances of plagiarism. In this regard, Qur᾽ānic verses and Ahādīth have been used for exploring how Islam has indicated the avoidances of plagiarism. The main theme of this paper is to highlight and explore the Islamic vision regarding the academic theft and current preventive practices in Pakistan. It is suggested & concluded that in Islam plagiarism is prohibited. It also indicates the terms & conditions for the use of academic work of other scholars. There is dire need that the Muslim experts should also revive new Islamic copyright rules and regulation for honest academic writing.
The wheat is a staple food of Pakistan and drought is a major problem not only of Pakistan but whole of the world. The study was conducted in the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. In total 226 genotypes were grown in polythene bags and drought stress was imposed using PEG-6000 (20%) and data were collected for shoot length, root length, root shoot ratio, fresh weight and dry weight. The genotypes which showed good performance for all the parameters were selected (100 genotypes) and evaluated during the next two years 2013-14 and 2014-15 under both the normal and meiotic stage (pre-anthesis) drought stress conditions. The data were collected for 14 traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, length, width and area of the flag leaves, spikelets per spike, grains no. /spike, grain weight /spike, tillers per plant, thousand grains weight and yield /plant. Principal component analysis was used to derive the information regarding variation in the germplasm. ANNOVA exhibited that all the differences were significant for all the parameters under both the normal as well as the drought conditions during first and also during 2nd years. The first and second PC being the most diverse components showed 28.4% and 42.2% of variation during 2013-14 under normal conditions and 13.6% and 33.7 % under drought conditions in the same year. Biplot based on the 2013-14 data collected under normal conditions represented that the heading days, length of the peduncle, length of spikes, area of the flag leaves, and the weight of 1000 grains and no. of spikelets / spike contributed greatly in diversity. Yield per plant showed significantly positive results of correlation with grains / spike and tillers / plant under stress environments. Similarly under irrigated conditions leaf length was affected negatively for the data collected during 2013-14. During 2014-15 the yield of the plants had shown the significant correlation but in negative direction with the trait like length of the spike, leaf width and 1000 grain weight stress conditions while under normal conditions yield per plant showed the correlation that was significant and in positive direction with that of time taken to the maturity and the duration to the heading of the crop while significant results of yield for correlation but in negative direction with peduncle length, spikelets per spike and tillers per plant. The study showed the behavior of different traits under irrigated and stressed conditions and can be helpful to identify the traits which are affected under stress. The structure analysis divided the 100 genotypes into three sub populations containing 50 in first and 25 genotypes in 2nd and 3rd population respectively. The molecular work showed that eight characters were identified which were linked with nine SSR markers at probability level of 1% and the phenotypic value was in range of 14 to 32% under water stress conditions. But under the irrigated conditions the same genotypes showed that six parameters were linked with six SSR markers with the same probability level and phenotypic variability was ranged from 14% to 22%. The five SSR primers were identified such as WMC382, CFA2086, CFA2121, CFA2263 and WMC2610 which were linked with spikelets per spike which can be concluded as trait specific MTA.