فصل سوم: مقاصدشریعت کی روشنی میں حدود و قصاص کے معاشرتی اثرات
شریعت مطہرہ نے دین ، جان ، عزت و آبرو ، مال اور عقل کی حفاظت کو لازم قرار دیا ہے ۔ یہ وہ مقاصد شریعت ہیں کہ ہر صورت میں ان پانچ چیزوں کی حفاظت کی جائے اور ان کے ساتھ ہی انسانی زندگی کا دارومدار ہے ۔ ان چیزوں کے تحفظ سے انسانی زندگی اور معاشرے کا امن قائم ہے۔
Before the birth of the Holy prophet, human society yet again got at the verge of destruction due to apostasy and ignorance. The Holy Prophet introduced Islam to the sinking humanity. For spreading its message "Dawat"; Calling (To God) was made everybody's job. As Allah says in the holy Quran: "The Believers, men and women, are protectors, one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil: " (9: 71). There are three fundamental groups of preachers. The first is the "Dawat" of common people to others. It is imperative for such a preacher that he himself should get the knowledge of religion through Islamic law and then communicate every virtue of it to his family, friends, neighbors and close relatives. The second is the place of Nobles. They include the commentators of the Quran, the narrators of the Prophet's Sayings, theologians and the learned scholars. The commentators of the Quran explain the meanings of the verses of the Quran keeping in view the conditions of the Quranic sciences. The narrators interpret the meanings of the Sayings of the Holy Prophet. The theologians or the learned scholars are entitled to discuss the Quran, Prophet's Sayings and the problems of the Islamic laws. The third is the place of the favorites. These people are the perfect successors of the Prophets. They have full control over the knowledge of laws as well as over the knowledge of mysteries. As Allah says: "and purify them", (one of the responsibilities of the Holy Prophet was to purify the souls). At a place it is said: "Truly he succeeds that purifies it" (91: 9). In this article research is done on "Calling (to God) and conveying His message".
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is one of the ever- growing health problems across the globe. Its control has been hindered by the emergence of drug resistance developed by the bacterium against key drugs used for treatment of the disease. The objective of the current study was to analyze the genetics and epidemiology of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A total of 69 samples from tuberculosis suspects were screened for M. tuberculosis strains through sputum smear microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen staining.All of the samples, either positive or negative in the smear microscopy, were checked for drug resistance by performing Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Study results showed a total of 32 samples (46.38%) were positive for M. tuberculosis in smear microcopy, whereas 56 out of 69 (81.15%) samples appeared positive in Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which establishes the authenticity of Gene Xpert assay over smear microscopy. Xpert MTB/RIF assay revealed that 4 out of 56 positive samples exhibited mutations in rpoB gene. Occurrence of tuberculosis in this study was higher in males (55.07%) than females (44.93%). The majority of the tuberculosis cases were aged between 11 to 30 years (46.38%). The medical history including incidence of adverse drug reactions during the treatment of the tuberculosis suspects were also examined. Epidemiology of MDR-TB indicated that Muzaffarabad had higher prevalence of MDR-TB than other areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The unsatisfactory knowledge of Participants about MDR-TB and its diagnostics is critical highlights the dire need to develop educational programs for MDR-TB awareness in community along with treatment and prevention of this deadly menace.