دیباچہ
کاشف علی
پروفیسر ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب اردو تحقیق و تنقید میں ایک نیا اضافہ ہیں۔اس سے قبل وہ پنجابی ادب میں اپنی صلاحیتوں کے جوہر دکھا چکے ہیں۔پنجابی حلقہ ادب میں آپ کا نام کسی تعارف کا محتاج نہیں۔حالیہ چند عرصوں میں انہوں نے اردو ادب کے میدان میں قدم رکھا اور اپنی صلاحیتوں کو بروئے کار لاتے ہوئے اردو ادب میں اپنی پہلی کتاب لکھ ڈالی۔اس کتاب میں شامل بیشتر مضامین ہماری معاشرتی زندگی سے جڑے ہوئے ہیں جس سے یہ بات واضح ہوتی ہے کہ ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب اپنے اردگرد کے معاشرتی حالات پر گہری نظر رکھتے ہیں۔ان مضامین کا مواد اپنے مجموعی مزاج میں پر اعتماد فکری فضا اور گہری وسعت نظر کا حامل ہے۔نبی کریمﷺکی ذات سے والہانہ عقیدت و محبت کا اظہار ان کے مضامین میں ملتا ہے۔انہوں نے نے نئے نعتیہ اشعار کہنے والے شعراء حضرات کی اصلاح بھی کی ہے۔اس کے علاوہ انہوں نے نام نہاد مذہبی پیشواؤں کو بھی آڑے ہاتھوں لیا ہے جو مذہب کو اپنے مفاد کیلئے استعمال کرتے ہیں اور بہت سے معاشرتی مسائل پر بھی نظر دوڑائی ہے۔ انہوں نے پنجاب کی تہذیب و ثقافت کو ادب میں زندہ رکھنے کے حوالے سے بھی اپنا کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ جملہ مضامین سے یہ بات پورے وثوق سے کہی جا سکتی ہے کہ ڈاکٹر محمد ایوب کا نقطہ نظر ایک مثبت طرز فکر کا حامل ہے۔انہوں نے اپنے مضامین میں نہایت سادہ الفاظ کا انتخاب کیا ہے جس سے معاشرے کی اصلاح ممکن ہے۔مجھے یقین ہے وقت کے ساتھ ساتھ پنجابی کی طرح اْردو ادب میں بھی ان کی اہمیت میں گراں قدر اضافہ ہوگا۔
کتاب میں موجود تمام مضامین اردو ادب سے تعلق رکھتے ہیں جو کہ اس سلسلے میں ان کی پہلی...
The bond of education and character education is like that of body and soul. In the comprehensive process of Islamic character building, education is an integral part. Character is the provision for life journey where as education is the light on the path. The recognition of distinct objectives of education and trenchant targets of character education is necessary to solve the crisis of character faced by contemporary world. Education is a lightening experience to develop the skills and awareness whereas character education helps the individual to be sincere with himself, obedient to his Lord, and compliant with the moral values which is the outcome of character education. The curricula of education, no matter how powerful and evolved may it be, need to be translated into behavior. Therefore, a role model is needed to achieve educational goals. The work of the prophet was characterized with deep insight, strong determination, firmness, honesty. These virtuous qualities caused to enlighten hearts with the right faith. Character cannot be built thorough ease and quiet, it is a process built upon a philosophy and laws, which springs from the moral values followed by the society. Islamic character education evolved from the infallible sources of Islamic Sharia: The Qur’an and Sunnah of the beloved Prophet Muhammad (S. A. W) who formed the characters of his noble companions (R. A) in best manner and equipped their generation with everything they needed to lead a successful life in this world and in hereafter. This paper elucidates the connection between education and character education, and sheds light upon the importance of role model in bringing the change as well as covers the major restraints that shackle the process of education and character education.
The hilly area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province is a leading potato seed producing region of Pakistan. Field symptoms and laboratory analysis revealed that Potato Leaf Roll Virus, Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato mop virus (PMTV) were the major viral diseases of potato in the areas surveyed. On the basis of characteristic symptoms the average incidence of PLRV ranged from 3.89 - 46.66 % with maximum incidence in Kalam North (46.66 %) at Ushu (56.66%) and minimum incidence in Miandam (3.89 %) at Seney locality (3.33%). The incidence of PVY ranged from 67.04% (Shangla) to 78.95% (Swat). The infestation of aphid ranged from 2.21 (Kalam East, Swat) to 5.50 (Pir Khana, Shangla) in summer crop while in spring crop it is ranged from 7.00 (Abbotabad) to 10.66 (Mansehra). The incidence of PMTV ranged from 2.44 - 9.07% with maximum incidence in district Swat and minimum incidence in district Shangla. The incidence of PMTV in tubers showing spraing symptoms are ranged from 7.33 - 4.99% with maximum incidence in district Swat and minimum incidence in district Abbotabad. Symptomatologcal studies also showed that mostly necrosis for PVY, and leaf rolling and yellowing of leaflets for PLRV and no exact symptoms in case of PMTV and TRV were appeared in the fields surveyed. The ELISA results revealed that average incidence of PLRV was ranged from 8.66 - 44.33 % and PVY ranged from 67.04 - 78.95 %. The average incidence of PMTV ranged from 2.44 - 9.07% and it is ranged from 7.33 - 24.99% in tubers showing spraing symptoms. The ELISA test in case of TRV was negative and showed zero incidences. Serological results were confirmed on the basis of molecular properties during six month exposure visit to USA funded by HEC, Islamabad, Pakistan where the molecular detection and characterization was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology (Washington State University, Pullman) under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Hanu R. Pappu and his team. RNA was extracted from ELISA positive samples and C DNA was synthesized and was used as a template in RT-PCR amplification. In aphid borne viruses only PVY was detected and its CP gene of 801bp was amplified using CP gene specific primers. Plasmid DNA having CP gene was isolated, purified and sequenced by ELIM Biopharmaceutical, Inc. 25495 Whitesell St, Hayward, CA 94545, USA after successful cloning, transformation and confirmation by colony PCR. All samples (two from each zone) of plasmid DNA having CP gene of PVY showed similar sequence. The nucleotide sequence of 801bp on translation resulted in 267 amino acids and sequence analysis showed high variability of the Pakistani isolates with isolates reported from other countries. Nucleotide identity of 99% was observed with Poland N-W, Germanyw, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Cuba and amino acid identity level of 100% was observed with isolates reported from Poland, Saudi Arabia, India and Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis revealed Pakistani isolate clustered with India, Pakistan, Poland and Saudi Arabia isolates. Similar process was performed for soil borne viruses and only PMTV was detected and amplified using PMTV- CP gene specific primers. The expected size (~ 553bp) of the PCR product was achieved in all samples tested. Plasmid DNA having CP gene was isolated and sequenced. All the samples two from each zone of plasmid DNA having CP gene of PMTV showed same sequence similarly as in PVY. Sequence analysis revealed that coat protein region of 540 bp has 176 deduced amino acids. Nucleotide identity of 99% was shown by Pakistani PMTV Isolate with Canada and USA isolates. The amino acids level was as high 99% when compared with rest of the isolates except few isolates reported from other countries which showed no significant similarity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pakistani isolate clustered with Canada and USA isolates. Regarding the screening of varieties the PVY showed the maximum disease severity in Racco (80.33%) and minimum in Raja (41.13%. PLRV showed maximum disease severity in Paramont (69.50%) and minimum in Desiree (41.80%). No typical symptoms was appeared in case of PMTV infection, therefore, data were recorded on powdery scab disease and the maximum disease severity was recorded in Diamont (70.00%) with minimum in Karuda (11.11%) and these results were confirmed through DAS-ELISA