سائنس اور تہذیب و تمدن کے فروغ میں اسلام کا کردار

Islam is a complete code of life. It has complete instructions regarding all aspects of life. There is no moment in human life when the wisdom of Islam has not benefited humanity. Likewise there is no such area in the world where Islam has not put the light of guidance. Allah Almighty has systematically administered this world system.  Allah created the universe and set it disciplined, then created man and gave him every kind of physical, rational, logical and argumintive ability, so that humans can know the secrets of the universe by thinking and understanding it. The journey of research and discovery, which started long ago, is still continues today after passing through different stages of research. This journey of research resulted in evolution of philosophy, civilization, promotion of new scientific innovations and discoveries. The research and discovery resulted in the secrets of heaven and earth.  Today, man stands at the stage of science and technology, about which the human being in the older days even could not imagine of it. In this entire evolutionary journey, the religion of Islam is the only religion that not only stood firmly with humans, but guided him at every step during this evolutionary journey. In this context, the Quranic teachings are comprehensive matter. Allamah Sayyuti says "There is no knowledge and problem that is not discussed in the Qur'an. So Islam invites human to research in the system of the universe and presents the system of universe for its authenticity.

Socioecological Study of Mangla Lake With Inter-Disciplinary Management of its Biotic Resources

Mangla Dam of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is the 9th biggest dam of the world. This deep fresh water lake is located (33.12 N, 73.39 E) 30 Km North West of Punjab province in Pakistan and is spread over an area of 265 Km2 emerged as important waterfowl habitat. The basic aim of sustainable use of biotic resources is to accomplish the demand of the humans and safeguarding the reserves not for today but also for future generations. The objectives of the current work were collection of socioecological data with the aim to write up a sustainable management plan, documentation of biotic resources, monitoring of avian diversity and identification of threats with their root causes to the biological diversity of Mangla dam. To access the socioecological profile of communities Participatory Human Resource Interaction Appraisals (PHRIA methodology) was applied. A total of 17 surveys form May, 2011 to April, 2014 were conducted to collect the data from 392 individuals (158 females and 234 males) of seven villages. The site was visited 42 times from 2011-2014 to estimate the biodiversity and population density of avian fauna with point count method. It was analyzed that the resources of Mangla wetland contributed to household economy of local people at considerable level. The results of community surveys indicated that management of resources without community involvement is out of question. The floristic composition in catchments and around Mangla dam was consisting of 163 plant species including trees, shrubs, herbs and grass. The fauna of the site consisted of 42 species of fish. The amphibians (n=2) and reptiles (n=12) species were observed at study site. At the site 13 species of mammals were identified which were 7.5% of 174 described mammals species of Pakistan. During three years of birds population assessment highest count were 57,892 birds belonging to 188 species for 2011-2012, 54,311 birds of 186 species in 2012-2013 and 52,682 birds of 187 species in 2013-2014.. A slight decreasing trend in bird population was observed during three years. The different direct or indirect threats were observed at the site. It was noticed at site that a family of 6 person used 120 kg of wood per month and in this way they burnt 1440 kg of wood annually and promote deforestation. Hunting of birds and other fauna was remarkable at site, total reported cases of illegal hunting were 539 in three years and hunting index was 14.7. Unsustainable fisheries was common at the site a total of 151 cases of illegal hunting of Mahasher and other fishes were reported by means of katra net, electric current and blast fishing. Uprooting of woody trees and livestock grazing at shoreline and buffer was also noticed at the site. Other threats included water pollution, poverty, illiteracy, poor wildlife protection law enforcement and community hatred. In the light of above facts a sustainable management plan has been proposed to conserve and protect the natural resources of the Mangla dam.